29 Questions
What is the main function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
Supporting the valves
Where is the SA (Sinoatrial) node located in the heart?
Base of SVC
What happens when the ventricles contract during diastole and systole in the heart?
Ventricles relax to stop blood flow
Which structure is responsible for the contraction of both atria before the atrioventricular (AV) nodes are engaged?
SA node
Where does the AV bundle (bundle of His) lead to after leaving the AV node?
Surrounding the ventricles
Which structure divides the inferior mediastinum into anterior, middle, and posterior subdivisions?
Pericardium
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
Protects the heart against overfilling
Which nerves are located in the middle mediastinum?
Phrenic nerves
Which chamber of the heart has thinner walls due to pressure differences?
Right Ventricle
Where is the epicardium located?
On the visceral pericardium
Which valve lies between the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
What structures are included in the middle mediastinum?
Pulmonary trunk and arteries
What is the function of papillary muscles in the heart?
To contract and prevent valve prolapse
What is the function of the serous pericardium?
Produces serous fluid for heart lubrication
Which structure contains Purkinje fibers in the heart?
Moderator band
What is the main function of semilunar valves in the heart?
To close by backflow of blood
What is the purpose of chordae tendinae in the heart?
To attach cusps to papillary muscles
Which part of the heart is continuous with the endothelium of vessels?
Endocardium
What is the orientation of the heart apex?
Left ventricle
Which structure is an embryonic remnant of the right atrium?
Atrial appendage
What is the function of the coronary sinus?
Receives venous blood from the heart
Where do the Pectinate muscles reside in the heart?
Atrial wall
What is the purpose of the Caval valve during embryonic development?
Directs blood from RA to LA
What is the main function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
To provide structural support and serve as an attachment site for the heart valves
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium?
Left ventricle
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atrioventricular valves close?
Ventricular systole
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation?
Pulmonary artery
What is the term for the spread of electrical excitation through the chambers of the heart?
Conduction pathway
Which structure prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?
Aortic valve
Test your knowledge of the mediastinum, the space between the pleural spaces in the thorax excluding the lungs and pleurae. Learn about its boundaries, subdivisions, and structures. Identify the divisions created by the pericardium in the inferior mediastinum.
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