Media Literacy: Middle Ages to Modern Era
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Questions and Answers

During the Middle Ages, what was the primary authority that dictated truth and knowledge?

  • The church (correct)
  • The universities
  • The monarchy
  • The scientific community

Compared to the advent of the internet, how long have different forms of mass media been in existence?

  • Since the early 2000s
  • For centuries (correct)
  • Roughly the same amount of time
  • A few decades

What is a significant impact that mass media has on society?

  • Influencing political elections
  • Controlling international trade agreements
  • Determining pop culture trends and news accessibility (correct)
  • Regulating environmental policies

What societal shift contributed to reduced audiences for traditional entertainment venues like radio, cinema, and live theater?

<p>The growing popularity of television (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the modern era?

<p>Large-scale narratives explaining human experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that culture is transmitted across generations?

<p>Instinctual behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important aspect when evaluating media literacy?

<p>Ability to identify bias in media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to postmodernist thought, what is the primary factor in injecting meaning into a work of art?

<p>The reader's interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which cultural imperialism occurs?

<p>All of the above are true. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which distinct technologies integrate and share tasks and resources?

<p>Convergence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the current landscape regarding online privacy rights?

<p>There are still many unresolved issues regarding a person’s right to privacy and the use of the internet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do advertisers leverage data collected from online activities to target consumers?

<p>To develop highly targeted advertising campaigns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary objective of the Communications Decency Act (CDA)?

<p>To regulate online content, particularly pornography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intellectual properties can be protected by copyright law?

<p>All of the above are true. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance do most copyrighted works eventually enter the public domain?

<p>When the copyright term expires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do some national news channels cater to specific audience segments?

<p>By presenting unbiased information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the USA Patriot Act on governmental access to personal information?

<p>It expanded the federal government's power to access personal records. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislation protects records that can be retrieved by personal identifiers?

<p>Privacy Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal concern should media outlets be most vigilant about avoiding?

<p>Defamation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which president established the Bureau of Corporations and what was its purpose?

<p>Theodore Roosevelt; to investigate the practices of large businesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is it accurate to say that publishers can predict the exact number of books to produce for a new title?

<p>False (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did popular interest shift in the twentieth century?

<p>A trend emerged favoring true crime stories. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for printing a book when it has been ordered?

<p>Print-on-demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct statement about royalty payments to authors?

<p>Royalty amounts can differ greatly from author to author. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy saw growth during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>The book industry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developments were part of contributing to the paperback revolution?

<p>Publishing quality literature as paperbacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an author wants more control over their work, what publisher could they seek?

<p>A publisher that allows for greater control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the oldest digital library was founded in 1971?

<p>Project Gutenberg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the U.S., are more books sold in paperback format versus other formats?

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What the typical characteristics of a trade paperback?

<p>Same pagination as the hardcover version (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the articles published in The Wall Street Journal?

<p>Business and finance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major criticisms against the ideal of 'objective journalism'?

<p>Truly objective writing is impossible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what key way do newspapers influence the public's access to information directly?

<p>By deciding which stories are newsworthy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite what concern did newspapers become popular in seventeenth-century Europe?

<p>Fear of persecution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major outcome of the Zenger trial in New York regarding freedom of the press?

<p>Newspapers could print honest criticism of the government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who played a key role in promoting the idea of a free press?

<p>John Milton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which style of journalism is characterized by a story that suggests a boycott due to pollution?

<p>Advocacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medium influenced the development of USA Today’s visual and concise journalism style?

<p>Television (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which newspaper was purchased by Rupert Murdoch in 2007?

<p>The Wall Street Journal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one journalistic tactic that is prohibited?

<p>Plagiarism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From what country did the first true magazine originate?

<p>Britain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the popular focus of early twentieth-century entertainment magazines?

<p>The film industry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roughly how many words do magazine articles typically contain?

<p>About 2,000 words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait of Religious magazines?

<p>They include publications for Jews and Buddhists. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which magazine can you find the column “Can this Marriage Be Saved?”

<p>Ladies’ Home Journal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Did Time and Newsweek undergo significant content changes in the late twentieth century?

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of niche magazines experienced a surge in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic?

<p>hobby and special-interest magazines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Was Benjamin Franklin’s General Magazine of 1741 considered a success?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Sports Illustrated’s motivation for starting the Swimsuit Edition?

<p>To increase sales during the winter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might magazines have typically been described in the colonial era in America?

<p>Short-lived (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Medieval Truth Authority

During the Middle Ages, the Church largely dictated the accepted version of truth.

Lifespan of Mass Media

Mass media has existed for centuries, with different forms evolving over time.

Impact of Mass Media

Mass media significantly shapes pop culture trends, news access, book popularity, and movie success.

Rise of Television

The increase in television popularity lowered audiences for radio, cinema, and live theater.

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Grand Narratives

Grand narratives are large-scale stories that attempt to explain the totality of human experience.

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Definition of Culture

Culture is historically transmitted knowledge and attitudes expressed in symbolic form.

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Media Literacy Skill

Media literacy involves the ability to identify bias in media content.

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Postmodern Meaning

Postmodernists believed the reader injects meaning into a work.

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Cultural Imperialism

Cultural imperialism occurs through formal policies, television, movies, and cultural projects.

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Technology convergence

Convergence is the process by which distinct technologies share tasks and resources.

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Targeted Advertising

Advertisers create targeted ads using data collected about online activities.

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Communications Decency Act

The Communications Decency Act (CDA) was passed to regulate pornography online.

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Copyright application

Copyright law applies to books, movies, artwork, and magazine articles.

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Entering Public Domain

Most works enter the public domain when their copyright expires.

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USA Patriot Act

The USA Patriot Act expanded the federal government's power to access personal records.

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Privacy Act

The Privacy Act protects records that can be retrieved by personal identifiers.

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Media Defamation

Media outlets must be wary of committing acts of defamation.

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Bureau of Corporations

Theodore Roosevelt created the Bureau of Corporations to investigate large American businesses.

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Print-on-demand

Printing a book only when it has been ordered is called print-on-demand.

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Author Royalties

Royalties paid to authors varies depending on the contract.

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Pandemic Book Sales

The book industry thrived during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Paperback Revolution

The paperback revolution had large print runs, quality lit, nontraditional locations, and cheap access.

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Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg, founded in 1971 by Michael Hart , is the oldest digital library.

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Book format popularity

More books sold in the U.S. are in the paperback format.

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Critiques of Objective Journalism

Objective journalism is critiqued as it is nearly impossible to write without bias.

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Gatekeeping Role of Newspapers

Newspapers control information access by determining which stories are published.

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Zenger Trial Outcome

The Zenger trial established that newspapers could print honest criticism of the government.

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Role of John Milton

John Milton helped advance a discussion about the role of a free press.

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Advocacy journalism

Advocacy journalism involves suggesting specific actions based on reporting.

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USA Today’s Style

USA Today competed with television by using a more visual style.

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Journalistic Ethics

Journalists are prohibited from using fabrication and plagiarism.

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Birthplace of Magazines

The first true magazine was published in Britain.

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Marriage Column Origin

“Can This Marriage Be Saved?” is a feature of Ladies’ Home Journal.

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News Magazine Evolution

Time and Newsweek experienced major content changes near the end of the twentieth century.

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General Magazine

Benjamin Franklin’s General Magazine of 1741 was not successful.

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Created to increase low sales in winter.

Sports Illustrated’s Swimsuit Edition was started to increase winter sales.

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Hip-Hop Definition

Hip-hop is urban culture including break dancing, graffiti, rapping, sampling, and scratching.

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Record labels and genres

Independent record labels focus on neglected music areas like folk, blues and gospel.

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Cultural influence of Record Labels.

Music can influence cultural perceptions about race, morality, and gender.

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Major Label Infrastructure

Major labels oversee music production, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, and promotion.

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Study Notes

Chapter 1

  • During the Middle Ages, truth was dictated by the church.
  • Mass media has existed since the twentieth century.
  • Mass media often determines pop culture, news stories, popular books, and top-grossing movies.
  • The growing popularity of television caused lower audiences for radio, cinema, and live theater.
  • The modern era included large-scale narratives attempting to explain the totality of the human experience, called grand narratives.
  • Culture is historically transmitted knowledge and attitudes toward life expressed in symbolic form.
  • An important part of being media literate is being able to identify bias.
  • For postmodernists, meaning was injected into a work by its reader.
  • Cultural imperialism occurs through formal policies, television, movies, and cultural projects.
  • The process by which previously distinct technologies share tasks and resources is called convergence.

Chapter 13

  • Many unresolved issues persist regarding a person’s right to privacy and the use of the internet.
  • Advertisers use data collected about online activities to create very targeted ads.
  • The Communications Decency Act (CDA) was passed to regulate pornography online.
  • Copyright law applies to books, movies, artwork, and magazine articles.
  • Most works end up in the public domain because the copyright expired.
  • Many national news channels attract a certain audience by giving them news with the orientation that the audience agrees with.
  • The USA Patriot Act expanded the power of the federal government to access personal records.
  • The Privacy Act protects records that can be retrieved by personal identifiers.
  • Media outlets must be wary of committing acts of defamation.
  • President Theodore Roosevelt created the Bureau of Corporations to investigate the practices of increasingly larger American businesses.

Chapter 3

  • Publishers are not always sure of how many books to produce in a print run of a new book.
  • As the twentieth century progressed, there was an emerging interest in true crime.
  • Printing a book only when it has been ordered is referred to as print-on-demand.
  • Authors do not all receive the same amount of royalties.
  • The books sector of the economy thrived during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • The paperback revolution included innovations of large print runs, publishing quality literature in paperback, selling books in nontraditional locations, and cheap access to literature.
  • An author who does not want to be part of blockbuster syndrome might look for a publisher that offers greater control over what happens to the book.
  • The oldest digital library, founded by Michael Hart in 1971, is Project Gutenberg.
  • More books in the U.S. are sold in the paperback format than any other format.
  • A distinctive feature of the trade paperback, compared to the mass market paperback, is that it shares the same pagination as the hardcover.

Chapter 4

  • The Wall Street Journal primarily focuses on articles about business and finance.
  • One critique of objective journalism is that truly objective writing is impossible.
  • Newspapers control the public’s access to information by determining which stories are important enough to get published.
  • Newspapers became popular in early seventeenth-century Europe despite fear of persecution.
  • A major outcome of the Zenger trial in New York was that newspapers could print honest criticism of the government.
  • John Milton helped advance a discussion about the role of a free press.
  • A story about factory pollutants and a suggested boycott is an example of advocacy journalism.
  • USA Today developed a more visual style of journalism in order to compete with television.
  • Rupert Murdoch purchased The Wall Street Journal in 2007.
  • Journalists are prohibited from using fabrication and plagiarism.

Chapter 5

  • The first true magazine was published in Britain.
  • Early twentieth-century entertainment magazines focused on the film industry.
  • Magazine articles on subjects of great interest often have about 2,000 words.
  • Religious magazines include publications for Jews and Buddhists.
  • "Can this Marriage Be Saved?" is a feature of Ladies’ Home Journal.
  • Time and Newsweek experienced major changes in their content in the late twentieth century.
  • Hobby and special-interest magazines soared in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Benjamin Franklin’s General Magazine of 1741 was not a great success.
  • Sports Illustrated’s Swimsuit Edition was started in order to increase sales during the winter.
  • In the colonial era in America, typical magazines were considered short-lived

Chapter 6

  • Hip-hop is the term for the urban culture that includes break dancing, graffiti art, and techniques of rapping, sampling, and scratching records.
  • Some actions of large record companies fueled racism.
  • Billie Eilish was signed by no record labels.
  • The popularity of digital music drastically decreased revenue brought in from CD sales since 2001.
  • The Copyright Act of 1911 protected composers and authors.
  • Vanity label type reflects the personal musical tastes of the high-profile artist.
  • Independent record labels focused on neglected areas of the music industry, such as folk, rural blues and gospel.
  • Each major record label has a strong infrastructure that oversees every aspect of the music business that includes production, manufacturing and distribution, marketing, and promotion.
  • Music may influence cultural perceptions about race, morality, and gender.
  • Make-ups are not allowed if you miss the midterm exam. To be clear, the midterm exam for this class must be completed by 5:00 p.m. Monday, March 3.

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Summary of the evolution of media from the Middle Ages to the modern era, highlighting the church's influence, the rise of mass media, and the impact of television. It emphasizes cultural transmission, media literacy, and the concept of convergence in media technologies.

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