Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to George Rodman's three stages of media development, what characterizes the 'Popular Stage'?
According to George Rodman's three stages of media development, what characterizes the 'Popular Stage'?
- Media is controlled by the government to disseminate propaganda.
- Media is primarily used by the wealthiest and most educated members of society.
- Media becomes accessible and used by a broad segment of society, forming a mass audience. (correct)
- Media breaks up into varied subtypes that appeal to highly specialized interests.
Marshall McLuhan believed that technology inherently dictates specific societal outcomes.
Marshall McLuhan believed that technology inherently dictates specific societal outcomes.
False (B)
List two factors that influence a society's capacity to produce media.
List two factors that influence a society's capacity to produce media.
Availability of media technology, Capital investment, Professional skills
The invention of the ______ allowed humans to learn to read effectively transforming communication methods.
The invention of the ______ allowed humans to learn to read effectively transforming communication methods.
Match each historical age with its primary mode of communication:
Match each historical age with its primary mode of communication:
Which of the following best describes the primary characteristic of the 'Elite Stage' in media development?
Which of the following best describes the primary characteristic of the 'Elite Stage' in media development?
In the Prehistoric Age, visual communication was more important than oral communication for survival.
In the Prehistoric Age, visual communication was more important than oral communication for survival.
What is one factor that influences a society’s capacity to consume media?
What is one factor that influences a society’s capacity to consume media?
During the Electronic Age, which of the following media saw a decline in its role?
During the Electronic Age, which of the following media saw a decline in its role?
Radio broadcasting allows for two-way communication between individuals.
Radio broadcasting allows for two-way communication between individuals.
What type of message did Morse code enable the transmission of?
What type of message did Morse code enable the transmission of?
The invention of the telephone is attributed to Alexander Graham ______.
The invention of the telephone is attributed to Alexander Graham ______.
Match the communication technology with its primary function during the Electronic Age:
Match the communication technology with its primary function during the Electronic Age:
Who are the key inventors associated with the invention of television?
Who are the key inventors associated with the invention of television?
The rise of electronic media during the Electronic Age increased the role of print media.
The rise of electronic media during the Electronic Age increased the role of print media.
What characterizes the Electronic Age in terms of media?
What characterizes the Electronic Age in terms of media?
Which of the following best describes the significance of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
Which of the following best describes the significance of the Laguna Copperplate Inscription?
The invention of writing had little impact on the development of democracy in ancient Greece.
The invention of writing had little impact on the development of democracy in ancient Greece.
What was the key contribution of Johannes Gutenberg to the Industrial Age?
What was the key contribution of Johannes Gutenberg to the Industrial Age?
The __________ revolution, which slowly moved the Hellenic world, allowed that lamp to shine for all the generations to come.
The __________ revolution, which slowly moved the Hellenic world, allowed that lamp to shine for all the generations to come.
Match the printing press developments with their corresponding speeds:
Match the printing press developments with their corresponding speeds:
What was a significant impact of mass production during the Industrial Revolution?
What was a significant impact of mass production during the Industrial Revolution?
Which invention by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1844 revolutionized long-distance communication?
Which invention by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1844 revolutionized long-distance communication?
The Sumerians are credited with inventing the printing press.
The Sumerians are credited with inventing the printing press.
Which of the following best describes the main contribution of Baird and Shoenberg to television technology?
Which of the following best describes the main contribution of Baird and Shoenberg to television technology?
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) requires a traditional television set to view content.
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) requires a traditional television set to view content.
What are the two fundamental principles upon which a democracy is based?
What are the two fundamental principles upon which a democracy is based?
The Information Age is characterized by a rapid increase in ______-based products and markets.
The Information Age is characterized by a rapid increase in ______-based products and markets.
Match the following historical developments with their approximate year:
Match the following historical developments with their approximate year:
According to Altschull, what is the primary way the public receives information needed to make decisions in a democracy?
According to Altschull, what is the primary way the public receives information needed to make decisions in a democracy?
In the context of the Information Age, which of the following is NOT typically highlighted as an area where information is heavily relied upon?
In the context of the Information Age, which of the following is NOT typically highlighted as an area where information is heavily relied upon?
The roles of media only include carrying news and public information.
The roles of media only include carrying news and public information.
Which of the following best describes the media's role as the 'fourth estate'?
Which of the following best describes the media's role as the 'fourth estate'?
According to Saeed (2009), the media's role is to enable citizens to access information and freely voice their opinions without fear of governmental coercion.
According to Saeed (2009), the media's role is to enable citizens to access information and freely voice their opinions without fear of governmental coercion.
Explain how the media functions as a 'watchdog of society'.
Explain how the media functions as a 'watchdog of society'.
One of the functions of media is to act as a channel of ________ and ________ through which citizens can communicate with each other.
One of the functions of media is to act as a channel of ________ and ________ through which citizens can communicate with each other.
Match each function with its description:
Match each function with its description:
Which function of the media contributes most directly to a society's self-awareness and understanding of its own values and traditions?
Which function of the media contributes most directly to a society's self-awareness and understanding of its own values and traditions?
According to the information provided media can not enhance economic efficiency.
According to the information provided media can not enhance economic efficiency.
In addition to transparency and accountability, how else does the media support the democratic process?
In addition to transparency and accountability, how else does the media support the democratic process?
Which of the following factors most significantly restricts the democratic role of traditional media?
Which of the following factors most significantly restricts the democratic role of traditional media?
New media has uniformly achieved a democratic transformation by providing equal access and diverse information for all individuals.
New media has uniformly achieved a democratic transformation by providing equal access and diverse information for all individuals.
What is one major criticism against the idea that the Internet and social media have created a democratic space for information dissemination?
What is one major criticism against the idea that the Internet and social media have created a democratic space for information dissemination?
The overemphasis on entertainment rather than public policy and interest in traditional media is known as ______.
The overemphasis on entertainment rather than public policy and interest in traditional media is known as ______.
Match the following characteristics with the type of media to which they primarily apply:
Match the following characteristics with the type of media to which they primarily apply:
Which of the following is a cited concern regarding the use of new media?
Which of the following is a cited concern regarding the use of new media?
According to media scholars, the internet has successfully achieved its potential in fostering open dialogue and discussions without bias or misinformation.
According to media scholars, the internet has successfully achieved its potential in fostering open dialogue and discussions without bias or misinformation.
What is the primary recommendation for individuals to maintain the integrity of public discourse in the face of media manipulation?
What is the primary recommendation for individuals to maintain the integrity of public discourse in the face of media manipulation?
Flashcards
Historical Ages
Historical Ages
Human history's periods: Tribal, Literacy, Print, Electronic (global village).
Marshall McLuhan
Marshall McLuhan
Canadian media theorist; Media is neutral; technology shapes society.
Media Development Stages
Media Development Stages
Media evolves in stages: Elite, Popular, Specialized.
George Rodman
George Rodman
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Media Production Capacity
Media Production Capacity
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Media Consumption Capacity
Media Consumption Capacity
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Prehistoric Age Traits
Prehistoric Age Traits
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Early Writing
Early Writing
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Cuneiform Script
Cuneiform Script
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Laguna Copperplate Inscription
Laguna Copperplate Inscription
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Writing Revolution
Writing Revolution
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Printing (Origin)
Printing (Origin)
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Gutenberg Printing Press
Gutenberg Printing Press
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Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
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Hand-Operated Printing Machine
Hand-Operated Printing Machine
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Telegraph
Telegraph
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Morse Code
Morse Code
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Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell
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Radio
Radio
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Electronic Age
Electronic Age
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Radio Broadcasting
Radio Broadcasting
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Television Broadcasting
Television Broadcasting
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Television
Television
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Zworykin & Philo T.
Zworykin & Philo T.
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Farnsworth, Baird, and Shoenberg
Farnsworth, Baird, and Shoenberg
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Information Age
Information Age
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Info Age Characteristics
Info Age Characteristics
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Democracy
Democracy
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Democracy Principles
Democracy Principles
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Democracy's Basic Assumption
Democracy's Basic Assumption
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Role of Media in Democracy
Role of Media in Democracy
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Media's Role Benefits
Media's Role Benefits
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Media's Role in Public Affairs
Media's Role in Public Affairs
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Primary Functions of Media
Primary Functions of Media
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Media as 'Fourth Estate'
Media as 'Fourth Estate'
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Media as a Public Forum
Media as a Public Forum
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Media as a Channel
Media as a Channel
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Media as a Disseminator
Media as a Disseminator
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Media as Debate Facilitator
Media as Debate Facilitator
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Media as Government Watchdog
Media as Government Watchdog
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Ideal Media Conditions
Ideal Media Conditions
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Traditional Media
Traditional Media
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Business Ownership Influence
Business Ownership Influence
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Potential of New Media
Potential of New Media
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Limitations of New Media
Limitations of New Media
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New Media as Propaganda
New Media as Propaganda
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Critical Media Engagement
Critical Media Engagement
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New Media Exploitation
New Media Exploitation
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Study Notes
Technological Determinism
- A theory that suggests technology drives changes in media and communication methods.
- Human history is categorized into the Tribal, Literacy, Print, and Electronic Ages, with the rise of the global village in the Electronic Age.
- Marshall McLuhan: A Canadian media theorist who advocated technological determinism.
Media Neutrality
- Technology itself carries no inherent bias and its significance depends on how it is utilized.
- Technology contributes as one factor shaping economic and cultural progress.
Three Stages of Media Development
- The theory outlines media's progression through three stages of development:
- Elite Stage: Media predominantly used by affluent and educated society members.
- Popular Stage: Media becomes more accessible for broader use, reaching a mass audience.
- Specialized Stage: Media diversifies into distinct subcategories, catering to particular interests.
- George Rodman: A media historian, proposed the three stages of media development.
Societal Media Capacity
- Media production depends on the availability of necessary technology, capital investment, and skilled professionals.
- Media consumption relies on individual literacy skills, access to surplus income, and motivation.
Prehistoric Era Media
- Hearing and seeing served as initial valuable senses for receiving information.
- Oral communication was key for the tribe's communication with the invention of alphabets for reading
- Early humans depended majorly on hearing for hunting and threat awareness.
- Cave carvings marked the start of developing writing.
- ChauvetCave in France contains the earliest media evidence, dating back 30,000-33,000 years, found in 1994.
- Ancient artifacts include Primeval Chinese Ku-wan gestures, painted Native American sticks, and quipo cords in South America.
Industrial Age
- Printing arose in China between the 5th and 15th centuries.
- The Gutenberg printing press was created in 1446 by Johannes Gutenberg.
- Innovations in production and equipment manufacturing promoted the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century.
- Use of new energy sources like coal, steam, and electricity.
- Organized factory systems emerge.
- Enhanced transport and communication through automobiles, telegraphs, and radio.
- Increased mass production capabilities.
- 1800: Hand-operated printing, resulting in 480 pages per hour.
- 1810 Steam-powered printing, allowing for 1,100 pages per hour.
- 1827: Friedrich Koenig's press printed both paper sides at 7,000 sheets per hour.
- Other critical inventions: photography, telegraph (1844)
- Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph (1844), enabling news transmission between distant locations.
- Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and replaced Morse code with voice transmissions.
- Development of high-quality wireless voice communication via electronic waves in radio.
Electronic Era
- Dominated by electric media like telegraphs, radio, film, telephones, computers, television, the role of print starts dwindling.
- 20th Century highlighted the growth of one-way communication and radio telephoning allowed two-person talks.
- Single-person radio broadcasting to mass audiences appeared and electronic and television transmissions were initiated.
- Vladimir Zworykin & Philo T. Farnsworth developed electronic signals transforming visual images.
- John Logie Baird(Scotland) and Sir Isaac Shoenberg (Britain) contributed to television.
- Subsequently color and cable television and satellite television appeared.
- Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) enables audio and video streaming online and viewing shows on PC.
Information Era
- Rapid advancement in information-driven products and markets, as well as extensive use of information for everyday activities.
- Information usage tailored to individual needs and motivations.
- Characterized by knowledgeable individuals with self-expression, political and cultural participation using new technology
Media and Democracy
- Democracy is the government that allows people to elect official representatives and based on two principles:
- People's sovereignty.
- Free exchange of ideas.
- Media brings news and public information to meet the democratic principles for free ideas.
- Provide voters with information and encourage more democracy due to open access.
- Media should:
- Keep citizens informed.
- Assess and scrutinize how the government is run.
- Provide society issues and power information.
- Work as a watchdog.
- Supplement democracy, concerning people and matters.
- Effective democracy requires free media, which must be independent of interests without limited access.
- Traditional media is crucial, with print and broadcast, but faces limits due to business, economics, and organization.
Traditional Media Factors:
- Business owners may control influence on content.
- Organization may restrict diversify in content.
- There is emphasis on entertainment over public policy.
- Today, people have started using the "new media" (internet.)
- New media may lead political parties towards propaganda and fake information.
- To overcome new problems with communications, individual critical thinking and open perspectives should be involved.
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Description
Explore media development stages and communication evolution through history. Uncover key factors influencing media production and consumption. Examine the impact of technology and different communication modes across various ages.
