Questions and Answers
Where are the LFT (liver function) values?
L/R/mid/bottom
What does LFT stand for?
What is the normal range for Hemoglobin (Hgb) in males?
13.5-17.5
What is the normal range for Hemoglobin (Hgb) in females?
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What is the normal range for Hematocrit (Hct) in males?
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What is the normal range for Hematocrit (Hct) in females?
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What is the normal range for Calcium (Ca++)?
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What is the normal range for AST/ALT?
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What is the normal range for Alkaline Phosphatase (AlkPhos)?
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What is the normal range for Bilirubin?
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What is the normal range for Albumin?
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What is the normal range for Protein?
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What is the normal range for Sodium (Na+)?
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What is the normal range for Chloride (Cl-)?
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What is the normal range for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?
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What is the normal range for Glucose?
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What is the normal range for Creatinine (Cr)?
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What is the normal range for Potassium (K+)?
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What is the normal range for pH?
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What protein carries oxygen in red blood cells?
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What measures the proportion of blood made up of red blood cells?
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What do WBCs help protect against?
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What is the primary function of Calcium (Ca++) in the body?
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What is albumin?
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What does a high BUN level indicate?
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Study Notes
Liver Function Tests (LFT)
- LFT values include Ca2+, AST, ALT, AlkPhos, Bilirubin, Albumin, and Protein.
- Bilirubin indicates liver function and is produced from the breakdown of old RBCs.
Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
- Hemoglobin levels: M 13.5-17.5, F 12-16 g/dL.
- Hematocrit: M 39-49%, F 35-45%; measures the proportion of RBCs in blood.
Electrolytes
- Calcium (Ca++): 8.4-10.2 mg/dL; crucial for nerve function, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and heart operations.
- Sodium (Na+): 135-145 mEq/L; key in fluid balance and nerve signals.
- Potassium (K+): 3.5-5 mEq/L; vital for heart and muscle function.
- Chloride (Cl-): 95-105; maintains fluid balance in conjunction with other electrolytes.
- Magnesium (Mg++): 1.6-2.4 mEq/L; supports numerous biochemical reactions in the body.
- Phosphate: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL; important for bone health and energy metabolism.
Kidney Function
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): 7-18; assesses kidney and liver health.
- Creatinine (Cr): 0.5-1.0 mg/dL; reflects kidney function; elevated levels suggest poor filtration.
- BUN/Creatinine ratio: Normal is 10:1 to 20:1; increases may indicate reduced blood flow to kidneys.
Blood Gases and pH Levels
- pH: 7.35-7.45; reflects acid-base balance.
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 35-45; involved in respiratory efficiency.
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-): 22-26; indicates metabolic state.
- Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2): 80-100; gauges oxygen delivery.
- Oxygen saturation (O2 sat %): 95-100; measures blood oxygen levels.
Coagulation Profile
- Prothrombin Time (PT): Normal 9-16 seconds; greater than 30 seconds may indicate bleeding risk.
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT): Normal 17-29 seconds; over 90 seconds heightens hemorrhage risk.
- International Normalized Ratio (INR): 2-3 for standard warfarin therapy; 3-4.5 for high doses.
- Increased aPTT is monitored during heparin therapy.
White Blood Cells (WBC)
- WBCs: 4.5k-11k; crucial for immune response and inflammation regulation.
Other Relevant Metrics
- Platelets (Plts): 150-450k; essential for clotting.
- Ammonia: 10-80 mcg/dL; elevated levels suggest liver dysfunction.
- Specific Gravity (SG): 1.005-1.025; with high levels, fluid replacement is necessary.
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): 0-30 mm/hr; detects overall inflammation and illness.
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Description
Test your knowledge of liver function tests and other important lab values relevant to medical-surgical nursing. This quiz covers key parameters such as LFT, Hgb, Hct, and Ca++, crucial for patient assessment. Sharpen your understanding of these values to better prepare for exams and clinical practice.
