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Questions and Answers
What is the abbreviation for Acetylcholine as mentioned in the text?
What is the abbreviation for Acetylcholine as mentioned in the text?
Which receptor type is associated with nicotinic receptors at ganglia?
Which receptor type is associated with nicotinic receptors at ganglia?
What does the term 'Cholinomimetics' mean in the context of drug action?
What does the term 'Cholinomimetics' mean in the context of drug action?
Which class of drugs is considered cholinomimetics?
Which class of drugs is considered cholinomimetics?
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Which drug would be prescribed for a 30-year-old woman with complete ileus and difficulty in urination?
Which drug would be prescribed for a 30-year-old woman with complete ileus and difficulty in urination?
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What symptom would a young child, who accidentally ingested insecticide, most likely show?
What symptom would a young child, who accidentally ingested insecticide, most likely show?
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Which receptor selectivity determines whether nicotinic effects are observed?
Which receptor selectivity determines whether nicotinic effects are observed?
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What are the muscarinic effects of cholinomimetics?
What are the muscarinic effects of cholinomimetics?
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Which drug is used for the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis?
Which drug is used for the diagnosis of Myasthenia gravis?
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$100$ hours is the half-life of which muscarinic agent used in glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease?
$100$ hours is the half-life of which muscarinic agent used in glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease?
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Which muscarinic agent is used for Sjogren’s syndrome and dry mouth?
Which muscarinic agent is used for Sjogren’s syndrome and dry mouth?
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Which drug is used to test bronchial reactivity?
Which drug is used to test bronchial reactivity?
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Which type of drugs prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, prolonging its effects?
Which type of drugs prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, prolonging its effects?
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Which receptors are coupled to Gq/11 and lead to phospholipase C activation?
Which receptors are coupled to Gq/11 and lead to phospholipase C activation?
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Which type of cholinesterase inhibitors require resynthesis or chemical reactivation due to forming a covalent bond with acetylcholinesterase?
Which type of cholinesterase inhibitors require resynthesis or chemical reactivation due to forming a covalent bond with acetylcholinesterase?
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Which type of cholinergic receptors are ion channel receptors?
Which type of cholinergic receptors are ion channel receptors?
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Which type of drugs inhibit cholinergic receptors and can be used to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease and motion sickness?
Which type of drugs inhibit cholinergic receptors and can be used to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease and motion sickness?
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Study Notes
- Indirectly acting drugs, specifically cholinesterase inhibitors, interrupt the action of acetylcholine (Ach) by inhibiting its metabolism or release.
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) prevent the breakdown of Ach, prolonging its effects.
- Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme abundant in cholinergic synapses, terminating Ach action within milliseconds.
- Cholinesterase inhibitors include reversible (e.g., edrophonium, donepezil, galantamine), carbamate, and irreversible (e.g., echothiophate, organophosphates) inhibitors.
- Irreversible inhibitors form a covalent bond with the AChE and require resynthesis or chemical reactivation.
- Cholinesterase inhibitors have clinical applications for treating conditions such as myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease.
- Cholinesterase inhibitors can cause acetylcholinesterase poisoning, leading to symptoms like DUMBEL (drooling, miosis, bulbar palsy, emesis, lung congestion), bradycardia, and vasoconstriction.
- Directly acting drugs, either agonists or antagonists, bind to cholinergic receptors, stimulating or inhibiting their activity and affecting the entire system.
- Cholinergic receptors include muscarinic (M1-M5) and nicotinic (Nn, Nm) receptors, with ACh serving as a universal ligand for both.
- Muscarinic receptors are coupled to Gq/11, leading to phospholipase C activation and subsequent intracellular signaling.
- Nicotinic receptors are ion channel receprors, allowing the passage of ions and affecting various physiological processes.
- Cholinesterase inhibitors can cause central effects and poisoning, leading to symptoms like tremor, convulsion, seizure, and respiratory arrest.
- Cholinergic agonists include muscarinic and nicotinic receptor agonists and can be natural alkaloids (e.g., pilocarpine, muscarine) or synthetic choline esters (e.g., carbachol, methacholine).
- Cholinergic agonists have various clinical applications, like treating open-angle glaucoma, and may cause poisoning due to their strong effects.
- Cholinergic antagonists, or anti-cholinergics, inhibit cholinergic receptors and can be used to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease and motion sickness.
- Cholinergic agonists and antagonists have different effects on the body, affecting various physiological processes and requiring distinct therapeutic interventions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of drugs acting on the cholinergic (or parasympathetic) branch of the autonomic nervous system with this quiz. Questions cover cholinomimetic drugs, acetylcholine action, and related pharmacological abbreviations.
