10 Questions
What is the first step in determining if a factor is a potential confounder?
Determine if there is an association between the potential confounder and the outcome of interest
What is the Odds Ratio for the association between smoking and lung cancer?
6.50 (6.30 - 6.70)
What is the relationship between smoking and high alcohol consumption according to the Odds Ratio?
There is a strong association between smoking and high alcohol consumption
What is the condition where a factor lies in the causal pathway between exposure and outcome?
Mediation
What is the outcome of interest in the example?
Lung cancer
What is the exposure of interest in the example?
Alcohol consumption
What is the purpose of determining if a factor is a potential confounder?
To control for the factor in the analysis
What is the conclusion about smoking as a potential confounder in the example?
Smoking is not a potential confounder
How many conditions must be met for a factor to be considered a potential confounder?
3
What is the purpose of calculating the Odds Ratio in the example?
To determine if there is an association between the potential confounder and the outcome
Learn about the multifactorial nature of disease and the concept of confounding in medical research. Understand how to recognize potential confounding in different research scenarios.
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