Confounding
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of confounding in research findings?

  • To reduce the multifactorial nature of disease
  • To eliminate systematic error in research studies
  • To introduce error in research findings due to the multifactorial nature of disease (correct)
  • To introduce chance and bias in estimates

    • Which of the following is a determinant of cardiovascular disease?

  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Low physical activity (correct)
  • Social isolation
  • Family history of colorectal cancer

    • What is the primary distinction between confounding and bias?

  • Confounding is a type of error, while bias is a type of systematic error (correct)
  • Confounding is a type of bias, while bias is a type of error
  • Confounding is a type of systematic error, while bias is a type of random error
  • Confounding is a type of chance, while bias is a type of error

    • Which of the following diseases has hyperglycemia as a determinant?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of controlling for confounding in research?

    <p>To eliminate the effect of confounding on research findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in research?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of confounding?

    <p>Confounding variables affect both the exposure and outcome of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a determinant of colorectal cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between confounding and chance?

    <p>Confounding is a type of systematic error, while chance is a type of random error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of identifying confounding variables in research?

    <p>To control for the effect of confounding on research findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of statistical adjustment for confounding in exposure-outcome associations?

    <p>To remove the effects of potential confounders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of adjusting for a confounder in an exposure-outcome association?

    <p>Adjusted estimates are obtained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of confounding on exposure-outcome associations?

    <p>It introduces a bias in estimates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying confounders in an exposure-outcome association?

    <p>To adjust for their effects on the association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of keeping a potential confounder constant in statistical adjustment?

    <p>The confounder is made non-variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 3-step procedure to deal with confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

    <p>Compare crude and adjusted estimates, identify confounders, adjust for confounders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of statistical adjustment for confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

    <p>Adjusted estimates are obtained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of controlling for confounding in research?

    <p>To remove the effects of potential confounders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of not adjusting for confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

    <p>The estimates become biased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of statistical adjustment in dealing with confounding?

    <p>To remove the effects of potential confounders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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