Confounding

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What is the primary role of confounding in research findings?

To reduce the multifactorial nature of disease

To eliminate systematic error in research studies

To introduce error in research findings due to the multifactorial nature of disease (correct)

To introduce chance and bias in estimates

Which of the following is a determinant of cardiovascular disease?

Inflammatory bowel disease

Low physical activity (correct)

Social isolation

Family history of colorectal cancer

What is the primary distinction between confounding and bias?

Confounding is a type of error, while bias is a type of systematic error (correct)

Confounding is a type of bias, while bias is a type of error

Confounding is a type of systematic error, while bias is a type of random error

Confounding is a type of chance, while bias is a type of error

Which of the following diseases has hyperglycemia as a determinant?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of controlling for confounding in research?

To eliminate the effect of confounding on research findings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in research?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of confounding?

Confounding variables affect both the exposure and outcome of the study Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a determinant of colorectal cancer?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between confounding and chance?

Confounding is a type of systematic error, while chance is a type of random error Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of identifying confounding variables in research?

To control for the effect of confounding on research findings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of statistical adjustment for confounding in exposure-outcome associations?

To remove the effects of potential confounders Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of adjusting for a confounder in an exposure-outcome association?

Adjusted estimates are obtained Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of confounding on exposure-outcome associations?

It introduces a bias in estimates Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying confounders in an exposure-outcome association?

To adjust for their effects on the association Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of keeping a potential confounder constant in statistical adjustment?

The confounder is made non-variable Signup and view all the answers

What is the 3-step procedure to deal with confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

Compare crude and adjusted estimates, identify confounders, adjust for confounders Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of statistical adjustment for confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

Adjusted estimates are obtained Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of controlling for confounding in research?

To remove the effects of potential confounders Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of not adjusting for confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

The estimates become biased Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of statistical adjustment in dealing with confounding?

To remove the effects of potential confounders Signup and view all the answers

Confounding

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of confounding in research findings?

Which of the following is a determinant of cardiovascular disease?

What is the primary distinction between confounding and bias?

Which of the following diseases has hyperglycemia as a determinant?

What is the purpose of controlling for confounding in research?

Which of the following is an example of a confounding variable in research?

What is the primary mechanism of confounding?

Which of the following is a determinant of colorectal cancer?

What is the primary distinction between confounding and chance?

What is the primary purpose of identifying confounding variables in research?

What is the primary objective of statistical adjustment for confounding in exposure-outcome associations?

What is the outcome of adjusting for a confounder in an exposure-outcome association?

What is the effect of confounding on exposure-outcome associations?

What is the purpose of identifying confounders in an exposure-outcome association?

What is the result of keeping a potential confounder constant in statistical adjustment?

What is the 3-step procedure to deal with confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

What is the result of statistical adjustment for confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

What is the purpose of controlling for confounding in research?

What is the effect of not adjusting for confounding in an exposure-outcome association?

What is the role of statistical adjustment in dealing with confounding?

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