Mechatronics System Control

Introduction to Mechatronics

• Mechatronics is the synergistic use of precision engineering, control theory, computer science, and sensor and actuator technology to design improved products and processes.
• It is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that deals with the design of products whose function relies on the integration of mechanical, electrical, and electronic components connected by a control scheme.

Definition of Mechatronics

• Mechatronics combines electronics and mechanical components with modern controls and microprocessors.
• It involves the analysis, design, synthesis, and selection of systems that combine electronics and mechanical components.

Objectives of Mechatronics

• To improve products and processes.
• To develop novel mechanisms.
• To design new products.
• To create new technology using novel concepts.

Sensors

• A sensor is a device that responds to a change in the physical phenomenon.
• Sensors are required to monitor the performance of machines and processes.
• Transducer is a device that converts one form of energy into another form of energy.
• Common measurement variables in mechatronics systems are temperature, speed, position, force, torque, and acceleration.

Various Sensors

• Proximity sensors
• Limit switches
• Potentiometer
• Digital optical encoder
• Strain gage
• Load cells
• Linear variable differential transformer
• Bimetallic strip
• Thermocouple
• Accelerometer
• Surface acoustic wave as sensor
• Hall effect sensor
• Resistance temperature detector

Use of Sensors/Transducers

• To provide information of the measuring element.
• To act as a protective mechanism for the system.
• To help eliminate redundant devices.
• To act as a feeding or sorting device in complex systems.

Examples of Mechatronics Systems

• Computer Numerically Control (CNC) machines
• Aeroplanes and helicopters
• Tank fluid level and temperature control systems
• Temperature control system in an industrial oven
• Heat-seeking missiles
• Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM)
• Automatic paint mixing machines
• Elevators and escalators
• Mobile robots and manipulator arms
• Sorting and packaging systems in production lines

Key Elements of Mechatronics

• Models: collections of mathematical and logic expressions that accept external information and process it to produce outputs.
• Block diagram: consists of two fundamental objects, signal wires and blocks.
• Signal wire: transmits a signal or a value from its point of origination to its point of termination.
• Blocks: get input and produce output.
• Simulation: the process of solving the model, performed on a computer, and can be divided into three sections: initialization, iteration, and termination.