Mechanization and Power Review Materials

Questions and Answers

What is the rated power of the tractor?

70 Kw

24 Kw

90 Kw

80 Kw (correct)

Which component facilitates the turning of the tractor?

Steering wheel (correct)

3-pt hitch

PTO

Gear lever

For high-speed engines, when does the intake valve open?

50 degrees

54 degrees (correct)

44 degrees

40 degrees

What type of fuel do spark-ignition engines use?

Carburetor Signup and view all the answers

In a four-stroke cycle engine, which stroke occurs when the piston moves upward with both valves closed?

Compression stroke Signup and view all the answers

In a compression-ignition engine, when does the intake valve open?

Intake stroke Signup and view all the answers

What direction must the steering wheel be turned to reverse a four-wheel tractor to the right?

Clockwise Signup and view all the answers

The flywheel absorbs power from the crankshaft during idle strokes and returns it during the power stroke.

True Signup and view all the answers

If a 1000 kg carabao is pulling a moldboard plow, what is the formula for the total pull in lb?

5.85 swd Signup and view all the answers

How is the time taken to plow a rectangular field calculated?

Lw/10vW Signup and view all the answers

By what percentage is the total pull increased if the weight of the carabao is increased to 1500 kg?

50% Signup and view all the answers

If each succeeding pass overlaps the previous pass by 10%, how much longer will it take to plow the same field?

LW / 90 vw Signup and view all the answers

How wide is the swath of a combine harvesting a two-hectare rice field?

2 m Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not part of a force pump?

Inlet valve Signup and view all the answers

What do you call a device that forces more fuel mixture into the cylinders than would be drawn in under normal atmospheric conditions?

Supercharger Signup and view all the answers

Arrange the following according to the process of management.

ii, iv, I, v, iii Signup and view all the answers

The gasoline engine is characterized as:

Low first cost – high operating cost Signup and view all the answers

What is the power equivalent of the fuel used if the brake horsepower is 1.35 hp and thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency are 40% and 72%, respectively?

2.5 kW Signup and view all the answers

Estimate the number of tractors needed for a 1000-hectare farm to be planted with hybrid corn.

6 Signup and view all the answers

Estimate the number of picker-sheller needed for a 1000-hectare farm.

3 Signup and view all the answers

Assuming 100 days of maturity, what is the cycle time in days for the corn?

270 Signup and view all the answers

In management, what is doing the right things?

Effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

Find the weight (in kg) transferred from the front wheels of a tractor while plowing.

92 Signup and view all the answers

Of corresponding size and speed, single-cylinder engines compared to multi-cylinder engines will require __________ flywheels.

Heavier Signup and view all the answers

The windmill for water pumping is characterized as:

High torque – low speed Signup and view all the answers

If money is worth 8.7% simple interest, how long (in months) until a debt of P36,000.50 becomes P37,501.50?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agencies is not based in a university?

AMDP Signup and view all the answers

Which are considered discounted measures of project worth?

Net present value Signup and view all the answers

General-purpose tillage involves cutting and pulverizing the soil to a depth of:

Up to 12 inches Signup and view all the answers

The fertility of a particular field is such that maximum corn yield is obtained with a population of 54,000 plants per hectare. What is the spacing?

0.65 m Signup and view all the answers

Determine the amount of chemical to mix with water per loading for an application rate of 4 kg/ha using a 16-liter knapsack sprayer.

200 gms/load Signup and view all the answers

Determine the theoretical field capacity for a field measuring 45 m X 90 m using a 1-m upland power tiller.

0.25 ha/hr Signup and view all the answers

What is the total engine displacement of a 4-cylinder, 120 mm × 120 mm engine turning at 2000 rpm?

500π cm3 Signup and view all the answers

What does the ratio of the kinetic energy of air that a wind rotor can convert into mechanical energy refer to?

Betz coefficient Signup and view all the answers

What type of engine operates under a constant pressure cycle?

Steam engine Signup and view all the answers

Determine the theoretical power available from a stream given that the average width is 6 meters, average depth is 16 inches, speed is 10 ft/min, and height of drop is 1.5 meters.

1.82 hp Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific gravity of concentrated acid in a lead-acid battery composed of 2 parts of sulphuric acid and 5 parts water?

1.500 Signup and view all the answers

In an ideal Diesel engine, the combustion of fuel occurs at which condition?

Constant pressure Signup and view all the answers

In an ideal Otto engine, the combustion of fuel occurs at which condition?

Constant volume Signup and view all the answers

Estimate the kilos of dung produced by 1000 heads of chicken within 1 month.

2,950 kg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding pressure effects?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How much water is produced by an engine each hour if it burns 25 liters of premium gasoline?

30.56 liters Signup and view all the answers

A prony brake test shows the crankshaft rotates at 1000 rpm with a brake arm length of 60 inches and a net load of 50 lb. What is the power developed?

42 hp Signup and view all the answers

What is the field efficiency when a 1.2-m wide floating tiller is used in a paddy field?

74% Signup and view all the answers

What application method applies chemicals around the trunk of a tree?

Basal application Signup and view all the answers

What is the traditional system of harvesting and threshing of rice?

Manual harvesting and threshing Signup and view all the answers

Among the factors affecting the choice of harvesting and threshing systems, which is the major factor?

Kind of crop Signup and view all the answers

The threshing action most commonly used by a mechanical thresher for rice is?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What rpm must the groundwheel be set to simulate the designed working speed for a paddy seeder?

26.58 Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum force that can be developed by a 3.5-inch hydraulic cylinder at 1000 lbs/in2 maximum pressure?

9,620 lbs Signup and view all the answers

What is the total engine displacement of a 4-cylinder, 120 mm × 120 mm engine turning at 2000 rpm?

500π cm3 Signup and view all the answers

What does the ratio of the kinetic energy of air that a wind rotor can convert into mechanical energy refer to?

Betz coefficient Signup and view all the answers

Determine the theoretical power available from a stream using the following data: average width = 6 meters; average depth = 16 inches; speed = 10 ft/min; height of drop = 1.5 meters.

1.82 hp Signup and view all the answers

This rating indicates the ability of diesel fuels to burn without detonating compared to reference fuels.

Cetane rating Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific gravity of the concentrated acid in the lead-acid battery?

1.750 Signup and view all the answers

In an ideal Diesel engine, the combustion of fuel occurs at what condition?

Constant pressure Signup and view all the answers

In an ideal Otto engine, the combustion of fuel occurs at what condition?

Constant volume Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily affects the choice of harvesting and threshing systems?

Kind of crop Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical change in the value of equipment due to normal use and aging?

Depreciation Signup and view all the answers

What is the theoretical maximum percentage of kinetic energy of air that a wind rotor can convert into mechanical energy?

82.5% Signup and view all the answers

How many hectares can be plowed in one hour by a tractor operating at 5 kph with a working width of 160 cm?

0.80 ha/h Signup and view all the answers

Estimate the kilos of dung that can be produced by 1000 heads of chicken within 1 month.

2,950 kg Signup and view all the answers

How much oxygen is typically present in air by volume?

23.2% Signup and view all the answers

For complete combustion of gasoline, how much air is needed?

11.1 kg/kg of fuel Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the value of an asset after subtracting depreciation?

Book value Signup and view all the answers

What is the total human power generated by the two persons in one day if they work an average of 6 hours?

2.22 Hp Signup and view all the answers

Planter designed to place seedlings in rows and in hills is called:

Hill-drop planter Signup and view all the answers

What is the shaft power of the engine tested on a brake dynamometer at a speed of 2000 rpm with a load of 5 kg?

11.51 hp Signup and view all the answers

The IRRI drum seeder is an example of:

Row-crop drill planter Signup and view all the answers

Parameter not required in determining the field capacity of a planter:

Number of seeds per hill Signup and view all the answers

What is the seeding rate at full open adjustment for the calibration of the grain drill?

90 kg/ha Signup and view all the answers

Determine the expected hill spacing for the two-row corn planter with given specifications.

0.71 m Signup and view all the answers

Estimate the power that can be generated by a person working for 4 hours in a farm harvesting.

0.43 hp Signup and view all the answers

Method of pest control not considered engineering control is:

Chemical control Signup and view all the answers

Sprayers are used primarily for the application of:

Pesticides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a spray nozzle pattern?

Hollow fan nozzle pattern Signup and view all the answers

Operation with the highest manual labor requirement for lowland rice:

Hand transplanting Signup and view all the answers

Principle used in creating hydraulic energy in a lever-operated knapsack sprayer is:

Adding air to a container with fixed volume of liquid Signup and view all the answers

If mechanical work is done at a rate of 1 ft-lb/sec, what is its equivalent in watts?

1.356 Signup and view all the answers

What is the theoretical power available from a stream with given dimensions?

207.31 Signup and view all the answers

Estimate the actual power of a windmill with a specific diameter and wind speed:

0.77 Signup and view all the answers

How much power can a 1,000 lb horse develop while walking at 2.5 mph?

1.33 Signup and view all the answers

It is a self-propelled machine designed primarily to pull or propel agricultural implements.

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Warranty period for hand tractor from the purchase of the machine.

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A metal sheet with gauge number equal to 14 means:

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

The required water temperature in testing pump.

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

The criteria used in evaluating the performance of a machine:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The development of a desirable soil structure for a seedbed does not include:

Increased water surface runoff Signup and view all the answers

Soil cut, lifted, inverted, and thrown to one side of the blow bottom is termed:

Furrowslice Signup and view all the answers

Bend sideward of the point of the share to make the plow cut the proper width is:

Disc angle Signup and view all the answers

The angle the disc of a disc plow makes with the direction of travel is:

42 – 45 degrees Signup and view all the answers

In the equation C = SW Eff, C is capacity expressed in:

ha/h Signup and view all the answers

Floating power tillers are used in:

2-wheel tractor for wetland operation Signup and view all the answers

The mechanical function of the planter does not include:

Sort the seeds Signup and view all the answers

The horizontal seed plate is used for:

Solid drill planter Signup and view all the answers

Method of pest control not considered engineering control is:

Chemical control Signup and view all the answers

Sprayers are used primarily for the application of:

Pesticides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following belong to the group of variable displacement pumps?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

In the equation for horsepower, Hp = Q x H / 3960 x Eff, Eff is:

Efficiency of the system Signup and view all the answers

The direct type of power transmission system has:

98% Eff Signup and view all the answers

A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at a speed of 3 kph. What is the field efficiency?

80% Signup and view all the answers

Select two consecutive farm operations which when done mechanically can increase cropping intensity:

Harvesting – threshing Signup and view all the answers

1 pk is equal to ____________ watts.

735.49 Signup and view all the answers

How many days are needed to plow a 10-ha field using a 4-wheel tractor at a speed of 5 kph and field efficiency of 76%?

3.0 days Signup and view all the answers

Planter designed to plant seeds in rows and in hills is called:

Row-crop drill planter Signup and view all the answers

The most recently developed system for harvesting and threshing rice is:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which agency does not belong to the Department of Agriculture?

AMMDA Signup and view all the answers

Number series assigned to standards on agricultural production machinery:

101 - 199 Signup and view all the answers

The velocity of the knife of a reaper is slower than its forward velocity.

False Signup and view all the answers

The difference between a stripper and a reaper is that:

The stripper detaches the grains while the reaper cuts the panicle during harvesting Signup and view all the answers

Heavy-duty type power tiller basically consists of ____ axles:

Double Signup and view all the answers

Twelve man-days is equivalent to:

Three men working for three days Signup and view all the answers

An engine valve arrangement wherein the intake and exhaust valves are located on one side of the cylinder block is called:

L - head arrangement Signup and view all the answers

Hydraulic control level of a tractor is usually located at the:

Left side of the operator seat Signup and view all the answers

Drawbar types include:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Acceptable level of wheel slip for two-wheel drive tractors on tilled or soft soil:

10 - 15% Signup and view all the answers

The power required in driving power harrows, rotary tillers, and other related equipment is:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Instrument for measuring furnace temperature:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The application rate of a certain chemical is recommended at 4 kg/ha. Determine the amount of chemical per loading using given calibration test values:

200 gms/load Signup and view all the answers

Determine the size of the diesel engine to be used for a 4 inches X 4 inches centrifugal pump with discharge 200 gpm and total head 24 ft.

Based on specific calculations Signup and view all the answers

The power unit for driving centrifugal pumps for household use is usually:

Electric motor Signup and view all the answers

A machine that cuts standing crop, conveys the cut crop to one side, and lays them down in an orderly manner is called:

Reaper-windrower Signup and view all the answers

The Japanese combine is characterized as:

High power & throw-in feeding Signup and view all the answers

How many volumes of PAES were adopted by the Department of Agriculture?

Four Signup and view all the answers

Find the theoretical field capacity: A 4-ha field was plowed using a three-bottom 12-inch tractor-mounted moldboard plow, taking 11 hours at a speed of 5 kph. The theoretical field capacity is ___.

1.13 ha/hr Signup and view all the answers

The fertility of a particular field is such that maximum corn yield is obtained with a population of 54,000 plants per hectare. A checkrow corn planter is used which discharges 2 seeds/hill. Average emergence is 85%. Row spacing = hill spacing. Find the spacing:

0.65 m Signup and view all the answers

The acronym PAES means:

Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards Signup and view all the answers

The development of PAES started in:

1985 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agencies is not based in a university?

AMDP Signup and view all the answers

The word used to indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted:

Shall Signup and view all the answers

What section is not yet included in the PAES?

Agricultural structures Signup and view all the answers

The Consumer Act of the Philippines is covered under:

RA 7394 Signup and view all the answers

Agency of the government charged with the development of the Philippine National Standards (PNS):

BPS-DTI Signup and view all the answers

Two persons are threshing by the 'Hampasan' method. What is the total human power generated by the two persons in one day if they work at an average of 6 hours?

0.5 hp/person; 1.0 hp Signup and view all the answers

It is the peak of the turned furrow slice:

Furrow crown Signup and view all the answers

Threshing efficiency basically is determined from weight of grain obtained at the ___ to the grain input fed at the feeding trays:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Grain-straw ratio requirement for testing a rice thresher ranges from ___:

0.35 to 0.50 Signup and view all the answers

Ignition of fuel in a gasoline fuel engine usually starts when the piston is __________.

at the top dead center Signup and view all the answers

It is the power developed by the engine of a tractor which is available for pulling, dragging or similar tractive effort:

Drawbar horsepower Signup and view all the answers

One way of increasing engine power is to force more air into the cylinder so that more power can be produced from each power stroke. This process is called:

Supercharging Signup and view all the answers

A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at a speed of 3 kph. To determine the field efficiency in going the shorter field direction, what is the field efficiency?

80% Signup and view all the answers

The mechanical manipulation of soil for any purpose is called:

Tillage Signup and view all the answers

The pushing or rolling of soil by a steeply inclined blade is called:

Bulldozing Signup and view all the answers

The draft of a plow is dependent on the:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The factors that affect the draft of the plow include:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the force required to pull a single-moldboard plow on a clay-loam soil having a width and depth of cut of 30 cm and 15 cm, respectively? Soil draft is 8 psi.

253 kg Signup and view all the answers

If the plow above has an average speed of 5 km/hr, what is its drawbar horsepower?

4.6 hp Signup and view all the answers

The effective field capacity of the rotary tiller tilling theoretically at 0.4 ha/hr for efficiency of 85% is ___.

0.34 ha/hr Signup and view all the answers

The effective field capacity of 2 moldboard plows having 25-cm width each plowing at a speed of 7 km/hr for a field efficiency of 80% is ___.

0.32 ha/hr Signup and view all the answers

A mechanically-operated machine that removes weeds or grasses from the crops is called:

Weeder Signup and view all the answers

The ratio between the numbers of weeds removed by the weeder to the number of weeds present per unit area is called:

Weeding index Signup and view all the answers

When a machine is driven directly from the shaft of a power source, the power is transmitted using:

Direct drive Signup and view all the answers

If a 10 Hp engine drive has a belt capacity rating of 4.5 hp per belt, how many pieces of belts are needed for the drive?

2 to 3 belts Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended diameter of the thresher's pulley if a 10-hp gasoline engine using V-belt drive has a pulley diameter of 4 inches?

11 in Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended belt size for the B-type V-belt needed for the drive if its center distance is 60 in?

B169 Signup and view all the answers

The recommended size of the shaft for the thresher above is:

¾ in Signup and view all the answers

A diesel engine that operates at 2500 rpm will be used to drive an irrigation pump, which should turn at 1000 rpm. The pulley diameter for the pump is 4 inches. What is the recommended pulley diameter for the engine?

2 in Signup and view all the answers

The ratio between the mass of fuel consumed per unit time and the corresponding power measured is called:

Specific fuel consumption Signup and view all the answers

As an Agricultural Engineer in charge of a 500-hectare corn farm with soil type that gives 10 psi draft when plowing at a speed of 4 km/hr, compute the drawbar horsepower required to pull a three-disk plow with 12 inches effective cut per disk at 6 inches plowing depth.

14.3 hp Signup and view all the answers

How many hectares of the corn farm can a tractor plow in one day (16 hours operation) if it is pulling a three-disk plow, assuming a total time loss of 30%?

4 ha/day Signup and view all the answers

How many days would be required to plow the entire 500-hectare farm if ten units of the same kind of tractor and plow will be used?

12.5 days Signup and view all the answers

Referring to the items above, how much fuel does a tractor consume in liters per 16-hours day if the specific fuel consumption is 1 lb/dhp-hr and the specific gravity of the fuel is 0.8?

130.0 liters/hr Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the drawbar hp required to pull a plow with 3 x 14-in bottoms at the rate of 3.25 mph if the specific draft is 8 psi and depth of cut is 7 inches.

13.6 hp Signup and view all the answers

A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at a speed of 3 kph. Determine actual field capacity when tilling is done along the longer field direction:

0.29 ha/hr Signup and view all the answers

As a rule of thumb, a single-phase alternating current electric motor should be used for applications requiring:

< 5 hp Signup and view all the answers

A 1.2-m wide floating tiller is used for rotary tilling/puddling a 24-m X 42-m wetland paddy field. The average speed of travel is 3 kph and turning at the headlands takes 10 seconds. What is the field efficiency if the field is worked along its length?

84 % Signup and view all the answers

A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at a speed of 3 kph. Determine the field efficiency in going the longer field direction:

80% Signup and view all the answers

If there are 2.7M animals on the farms, 70 – 74 % of them are used for draft work and 12M ha of agricultural lands, the contribution of animal power in the farm is:

0.16 hp/ha Signup and view all the answers

The projection of cash inflow and outflow of a farm to estimate the incremental net benefit of the life of the project is known as:

Farm budget Signup and view all the answers

The gearbox placed on first gear will develop:

High torque – low speed Signup and view all the answers

Tractor A can cover a 1-Ha field in 2 hrs, tractor B in 3 hrs, and tractor C in 6 hrs. How long will it take to cover a 1-Ha field if the three tractors worked together?

1.0 hr Signup and view all the answers

A transaction by your company this year involving the repayment in cash of a portion of the long term loan of the company in the amount of P 70,000.00 would have the following effect:

Increase in one asset = decrease in another asset Signup and view all the answers

It results in the reduction of the purchasing power of monetary unit:

Inflation Signup and view all the answers

A six-bottom moldboard plow is to be used to plow a heavy soil. How many scrapers are there in the plow?

6 Signup and view all the answers

It is a part of the plow that connects the plow bottom and the frame:

Shank Signup and view all the answers

Material recommended by PAES for use as implement frame:

Mild steel Signup and view all the answers

Material recommended by PAES in the manufacture of disk blade:

Carbon steel Signup and view all the answers

When a disk harrow consists of a front and rear gangs and is centrally positioned with the tractor, it is classified as:

Double action harrow Signup and view all the answers

When a disk harrow consists of a front gang only and is centrally positioned with the tractor, it is classified as:

Single action harrow Signup and view all the answers

When a disk harrow consists of a front and/or rear gangs and is not centrally positioned with the tractor, it is classified as:

Offset harrow Signup and view all the answers

The angle between the axis of the set of disks and the line perpendicular to the direction of the implement is called:

Disk angle Signup and view all the answers

The horizontal seed plate is used for:

Solid drill planter Signup and view all the answers

The calibration of the 9X7 (9 rows X 7 inches row spacing) grain drill is shown below. What is the seeding rate at ¼ open seeding adjustment?

8 kg/ha Signup and view all the answers

Planters designed to plant seeds continuously in rows with row spacing greater than 36 cm are called:

Row-crop drill planter Signup and view all the answers

The groundwheel of a planter is normally related to the operation of the:

Metering device Signup and view all the answers

Part of a planter that is always present in all planters regardless of type and cropping system:

Metering device Signup and view all the answers

A spark ignition engine was tested with BHP output of 9.6 horsepower. What is the corrected BHP of the engine?

8.78 hp Signup and view all the answers

Two kilogram of rice is to be prepared for cooking. Estimate the time required to cook it.

11.92 min Signup and view all the answers

The calibration of the 9X7 (9 rows X 7 inches row spacing) grain drill is shown below. What is the seeding rate at ½ adjustment?

38 kg/ha Signup and view all the answers

Planter designed to plant seeds in rows and in hills is called:

Hill-drop planter Signup and view all the answers

The adjustable orifice with agitator is used for:

Broadcaster Signup and view all the answers

Parameter not required in the calibration of a planter is:

Average seed emergence Signup and view all the answers

The fertility of a particular field is such that maximum corn yield is obtained with a population of 54,000 plants per hectare. A checkrow corn planter is used which discharges 2 seeds/hill. Average emergence is 85%. Row spacing = hill spacing. Find the spacing:

0.65 m Signup and view all the answers

The calibration of the 9X7 (9 rows X 7 inches row spacing) grain drill is shown below. What is the seeding rate at ¾ adjustment?

80 kg/ha Signup and view all the answers

What is the pump efficiency?

55% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not belong to the group of positive displacement pumps?

Propeller pump Signup and view all the answers

The conventional system of harvesting and threshing of rice in the Philippines is:

Manual harvesting and threshing Signup and view all the answers

The amount of power that the manufacturer specified for an engine is?

Rated horsepower Signup and view all the answers

A device that provides ignition to a gasoline engine is?

Spark plug Signup and view all the answers

Which device connects and disconnects power input to the power output?

Clutch Signup and view all the answers

What is the compression pressure for small gasoline engines?

150 to 410 psi Signup and view all the answers

The Japanese combine is characterized as?

High power & throw-in feeding Signup and view all the answers

This mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% alcohol is used as a fuel for spark ignition engines?

Gasohol Signup and view all the answers

This pump uses the energy of a downward-flowing stream of water to lift a portion of the water to a higher level?

Hydraulic ram Signup and view all the answers

What is a gasoline fuel additive which helps improve the anti-knocking characteristics of fuels but has recently been discovered to be dangerous to living beings?

Tetraethyl lead Signup and view all the answers

What is a secondary tillage operation that pulverizes, smoothens, and packs the soil during seedbed preparation and also controls weeds?

Harrowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the power take-off rpm of a lawn mower and garden ride-on tractors?

540 rpm Signup and view all the answers

What are power machines that cut sheet metals, angle bars, round bars, or square bars by shear action of two moveable blades?

Power shears Signup and view all the answers

In a 200 ha corn project, the fields have to be tilled in 30 days. What is the width of the heavy offset disk harrow selected if the tractor operates at 3.125 mph?

4.33 Signup and view all the answers

If a 3-ha field was plowed using a 15-cm wide animal-drawn plow at 4 kph with a field efficiency of 75%, what is the distance traveled to plow the field?

133.33 km Signup and view all the answers

The bend downward of the point of the share to make the plow penetrate the soil to the proper depth is called?

Tilt angle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operations is not done by a stripper?

Cutting of standing crop Signup and view all the answers

Twelve man-days is equivalent to the output of?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

When heat alone is used to melt and flow metal together, the process is known as _____

Fusion Welding Signup and view all the answers

Component parts of a seeder used to calibrate the seed metering device include?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a central part of a plow where the share, moldboard, and landside are attached?

Frog Signup and view all the answers

The engine cooling method includes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are seeds produced from breeder seeds and distributed to seed producers?

Certified Seeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the useful service life of the machine before it becomes unprofitable due to obsolescence or wear?

Machine economic life Signup and view all the answers

The angle in the soil surface plane perpendicular to the direction of travel between the tool axis and the line which is perpendicular to the direction of travel is called?

Tilt angle Signup and view all the answers

Seed produced from foundation seed and distributed to selected producers for mass production is called?

Registered Seeds Signup and view all the answers

What type of seed is produced from registered seed and distributed to farmers for commercial production?

Certified Seeds Signup and view all the answers

Machine operation in which there are two or more machines performing their respective operations simultaneously is called?

Parallel operation Signup and view all the answers

Machine operation in which there are two or more machines performing their respective operations in sequence is called?

Series operation Signup and view all the answers

Machine operation where one or more similar machines are operated as one unit is referred to as?

Parallel operation Signup and view all the answers

A type of gas producer which can gasify wet fuel is?

Updraft Signup and view all the answers

The gasification rate of rice hull ranged from?

210-240 kg/m2-hr Signup and view all the answers

Rice hull gasifier efficiency normally ranged from?

70-80 % Signup and view all the answers

The caloric value of fuel is?

The amount of heat contained by the fuel per unit weight Signup and view all the answers

A type of rice husk furnace that burns the fuel while being spread in a circular pattern inside the combustion chamber is called?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The thermal efficiency of a furnace is the ratio of?

The amount of heat generated during combustion to the amount of fuel used Signup and view all the answers

The burning temperature of most agricultural waste is typically?

300-400°C Signup and view all the answers

A high-cetane fueled engine uses?

Diesel as fuel and is easy to start at higher temperatures Signup and view all the answers

High viscosity engine oil is desirable to use because?

Its viscosity does not change easily with the change in temperature Signup and view all the answers

Engine oil having a high flash and fire point indicates?

High boiling point Signup and view all the answers

In order to increase the resistance of engine oil against corrosion, the recommended additive to use is?

Anticorrosive Signup and view all the answers

An additive purposely used to provide a protective film on bearing surfaces is called?

Anticorrosive Signup and view all the answers

Additives used to keep carbon particles in suspension in oil are called?

Dispersants Signup and view all the answers

The burning of a portion of fuel in the combustion chamber of an engine at a rate faster than desired is known as?

Detonation Signup and view all the answers

A device used to measure the quantity of oil in a crankcase is called?

Dipstick Signup and view all the answers

A device that provides a rich mixture of fuel during high load and a lean mixture during under load is called?

Carburetor Signup and view all the answers

The lubrication system of an engine is basically used to?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

When a diesel engine knocks, the trouble is?

The diesel fuel ignition timing is late Signup and view all the answers

When a gasoline engine knocks, the problem is?

The spark timing is too far advanced Signup and view all the answers

If the engine timing is advanced, what happens?

The spark plug ignites earlier than the fuel while the piston is completing the compression stroke Signup and view all the answers

The act of checking, testing, measuring, repairing, and adjusting the engine to bring it to peak efficiency is known as?

Tune-up Signup and view all the answers

The coefficient of traction for wheel-type tractors is highest for?

Concrete road Signup and view all the answers

The rapid explosion of the mixture of fuel and air within the cylinder when ignited by the spark plug is known as?

Constant volume combustion Signup and view all the answers

The relatively slow burning of fuel injected into highly compressed heated air is called?

Constant pressure combustion Signup and view all the answers

The gross heating value of diesel is?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true in the operation of a gasifier for an internal combustion engine?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

An injection system used in small stationary diesel engines consists essentially of?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

An engine running at a speed of 2000 rpm is classified as?

Medium speed engine Signup and view all the answers

A primary tillage operation that manipulates the soil to a greater depth than 300 mm is called?

Deep tillage Signup and view all the answers

A secondary tillage implement that stirs the soil using multiple disks arranged on a gang is called?

Disk harrow Signup and view all the answers

A trailing harrow that is hitched too high to the drawbar will likely?

Have too shallow penetration Signup and view all the answers

A kind of chemical used for spraying that forms finely divided solid particles when mixed with water is called?

Suspension Signup and view all the answers

Growing more than one crop on the same land in one year is called?

Multiple cropping Signup and view all the answers

Growing two or more crops simultaneously and intermingled with no row arrangement is called?

Inter-cropping Signup and view all the answers

Growing two or more crops in alternate rows is referred to as?

Inter-planting Signup and view all the answers

The act of planting a short-term annual crop with long-term annual or biennial crops is referred to as?

Inter-planting Signup and view all the answers

The cultivation of one crop underneath a perennial crop is known as?

Inter-planting Signup and view all the answers

Application of chemical to a small restricted area, usually to control the spread of pest is called?

Spot treatment Signup and view all the answers

Dispersion of liquid or dry particles in air to expose target pest to chemical is called?

Space treatment Signup and view all the answers

Application of chemical to the steam, fruit, leaves, needles, or blades of the plant is referred to as?

Foliar application Signup and view all the answers

Application of chemical to a specific area such as row, bed, or base of the plant is called?

Direct application Signup and view all the answers

Application of chemical over the entire area to be treated is called?

Broadcast application Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the drawbar horsepower required to pull a plow with 3X14-in bottoms at the rate of 3.25 mph if the specific draft is 8 psi and depth of cut is 7 inches.

13.6 hp Signup and view all the answers

A field measuring 45 m X 90 m is to be prepared using a 1-m upland power tiller at a speed of 3 kph. What is the actual field capacity when tilling is done along the longer field direction?

0.25 ha/hr Signup and view all the answers

A sprayer containing 100 liters of mixture operates at a nozzle discharge of 0.2 liters per minute per nozzle. If the sprayer boom consists of 6 nozzles, at what time does the sprayer mixture need to be changed?

2.39 hours Signup and view all the answers

A tractor with a 9-in pulley is belted to a prony brake having a 24-in pulley. If the tractor engine pulley speed is 950 rpm, the brake arm is 54 in, and the net load is 60 lb, what is the horsepower developed?

18.3 Signup and view all the answers

Compute the number of plants required for a 2-hectare corn farm with the following seed spacing: Plant spacing, 0.25 m and row spacing, 0.45 m.

180,777.8 plants or hills Signup and view all the answers

A drawbar dynamometer shows that the average pull required for a certain machine is 12.5 kilonewtons. If the tractor travels 25 m in 3.5 min, what is the power developed?

6.667 hp Signup and view all the answers

In a four-stroke cycle engine, what event occurs when the piston is moving upward and the two valves are closed?

Compression Signup and view all the answers

During which event does fresh fuel enter the cylinder as the piston moves downward and the intake valve opens?

Intake Signup and view all the answers

What type of engine is referred to in the previous question?

4-stroke cycle spark ignition engine Signup and view all the answers

A 1000 kg carabao traveling at v kph is pulling a moldboard plow with a width of cut w cm at a depth of d inches. If the unit draft of soil is s nt/cm², what is the total horizontal pull (in nt) exerted by the carabao?

5.85 swd Signup and view all the answers

A 30-disk double-offset-disk harrow is traveling at a speed of 10 kph. If the disk diameter is 40 cm spaced at 30 cm, what is the cutting width of the harrow? What is its theoretical field capacity?

9.6 ha/hr Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mechanization, Power, Machinery & Equipment

A force pump comprises key components: inlet valve, piston, plunger, and discharge valve.
A supercharger enhances engine output by forcing more fuel mix into cylinders, improving power with the same displacement.
Management process involves: formulating goals, coordinating resources, selecting employees, orienting staff, and evaluating performance.

Gasoline Engine Characteristics

Gasoline engines can have varying costs: low-first cost with high operating costs and vice versa.
Thermal efficiency of an engine may reach 40%, while mechanical efficiency can reach 72%.

Power and Forces

Power delivered by a belt can be calculated from tangential force and pulley dimensions at specified speeds.
Commodity surplus occurs when selling prices are high; equilibrium is reached when sellers agree to consumers' prices.

Pump and Engine Size Calculations

For a centrifugal pump with a specific discharge rate and efficiency, calculations are essential to determine the appropriate engine horsepower.

Farm Management & Equipment Utilization

A large area farm can mechanize operations like plowing, harrowing, planting, and harvesting, determining the number of tractors and picker-shellers needed for efficiency.
Hybrid corn can require certain population densities and row spacings for optimal yield.

Tillage and Soil Preparation

General-purpose tillage typically cuts soil to depths of 6 to 18 inches.
The efficiency of tillage machinery is contingent upon various factors: overlapping passes, turnaround times, and speed.

Crop Machinery and Harvesting

Different planters and seeders, like the IRRI drum seeder, are designed for specific planting methodologies.
Modern harvesting systems encompass diverse methodologies, including mechanical harvesting, combining, and stripping.

Irrigation and Chemical Application

Water requirements for rice vary, emphasizing the importance of efficient irrigation management.
Calibration of sprayers is crucial for effective chemical application in agriculture.

Operational Efficiency

Maximizing machinery capacity often involves evaluating the size, number, and efficiency of machines employed.
Manual and mechanical operations have distinctly different yields and efficiencies.

Power Sources and Depreciation Factors

Primary sources of mechanization power are human, animal, and various forms of mechanical power.
Depreciation factors are important for financial management in machinery procurement, and may vary based on initial costs and lifespan.

Standardization in Agricultural Engineering

The Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards (PAES) encompasses essential guidelines, impacting agricultural practices.
Understanding operational procedures and equipment effectiveness is fundamental for agricultural success, notably in large-scale farming.

Miscellaneous Engineering Principles

The cutting mechanisms used in reapers and combines predominantly utilize a dual-action scissor-type for efficiency.
Adjustments in planter configurations can directly impact seeding rates and consequently influence crop yields.### PAES Exclusions
Production/postharvest machinery is not included in the Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards (PAES).
Other areas like irrigation, drainage, agricultural structures, or engineering materials are part of PAES.

Philippine Consumer Act

The Consumer Act of the Philippines is covered under RA 7394.

National Standards Development

The Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) under the DTI develops the Philippine National Standards (PNS).

Threshing Efficiency

Threshing efficiency is determined from the weight of grain obtained compared to the grain input fed at the feeding trays.
Grain-straw ratio for testing a rice thresher ranges from 0.50 to 0.65.

Engine Power and Fuel

Power developed by a tractor's engine available for tractive effort is termed 'drawbar horsepower.'
Increasing engine power can involve turbocharging or supercharging for air compression.
Ignition in a gasoline engine typically starts when the piston is approaching the top dead center.

Field Operations and Efficiency

Actual field capacity can be calculated based on parameters such as overlap and turnaround time, specific for a 1-m upland tiller.
A tractor can plow certain hectares in a day based on efficiency and operational guidance.

Soil and Draft Factors

The draft of a plow is influenced by factors like the size of the plow, plowing depth, and soil type.
Soil condition, hitch type, and topography also affect the draft required for plowing.

Machinery Capacities

Effective field capacity is calculated based on theoretical performance multiplied by efficiency.
A variety of seeders, including row-crop drill planters and hill-drop planters, are used for different planting methodologies.

Calibration and Equipment Specifications

Calibration of seed drills involves adjusting the seeding rate based on the opening settings.
Parameters for determining field capacity include width of the planter, forward speed, and efficiency.

Mechanical Power Measurements

Calculations for mechanical work and power output of engines are crucial for performance assessments.
Specific formulas are applied to determine the equivalent horsepower or wattage.

Pesticide Application and Spraying Mechanisms

Sprayers are used primarily for the application of pesticides including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
Understanding the types of spray nozzle patterns aids in selecting appropriate spraying equipment.

Animal Power Contribution

The contribution of animal power in farming is calculated based on the number of animals used for draft work and the area of land cultivated.

Miscellaneous Calculations

Understanding basic conversions and operational efficiencies can assist in farm management decisions, including budgeting and operational planning.

Relevant Formulas

Calculate drawbar horsepower, seeding rates, and theoretical power using foundational principles in agricultural engineering.

Time Utilization

Daily operation times and efficiency estimates contribute to production planning and machinery scheduling.### Agricultural Machinery and Power Systems
A self-propelled machine designed to pull and propel agricultural implements is known as a walking-type tractor, pedestrian tractor, or hand tractor.
The warranty period for a hand tractor can vary, generally being 4 months, 6 months, or 12 months based on the manufacturer.
A metal sheet with a gauge number of 14 typically does not correspond to a thickness of 14 mm; it is an industry standard measurement.
Performance criteria for agricultural machines includes reliability, environmental safety, and operating cost.

Soil and Plowing Concepts

An ideal seedbed structure promotes higher water infiltration, greater water holding capacity, and root penetration, while increased runoff is undesirable.
Soil that is cut and thrown aside during plowing is referred to as a furrowslice.
The disc angle affects plowing width by tilting the share appropriately.

Pump and Power Transmission

In the horsepower equation, capacity (C) is expressed in m²/h, whereas for pump efficiency, the efficiency of the prime mover is crucial in calculations.
Field efficiency calculations for tillers and combines depend on speed, field size, overlap, and turnaround time.
The maximum load of electric motors is referred to as duty rating, crucial in selecting and operating machinery.

Engine Properties and Performance

Compression-ignition engines introduce fuel at the start of compression.
Electric motors have specified energy conversion efficiencies, typically ranging from 36% to 90% depending on the type.
The spark plug provides ignition in gasoline engines, while fuel injectors serve in others.
Clutches are devices that connect and disconnect power between the engine and output effectively.

Agricultural Processes and Efficiency

Displacement pumps are crucial for water management in agriculture, with mechanical efficiency impacting their applications.
Field operations such as planting, spraying, and weeding can increase cropping intensity when mechanized.
Understanding the operating days and man-days to complete field tasks is essential for efficient resource management.

Seed Production and Standards

Certified seeds are produced from breeder seeds and undergo strict quality control.
Foundation seeds constitute the base for seed production, later scaled to registered and certified variants.
Agriculture standards for machinery production are classified using unique number series, typically ranging from 01 - 99.

Operational Knowledge for Machinery

Operating time efficiency indicates how effectively a machine is used, informing productivity assessments.
Understanding harrowing, chiseling, and other tillage methods vital for soil preparation and weed control.
Selecting appropriate horsepower and implement width based on field size and efficiency requirements is essential for optimal performance.

Advanced Tilage and Irrigation Technologies

Three-phase electric motors are characterized by high power and efficiency, vital for large-scale agricultural operations.
Calculating water pump power needs for irrigation involves tank discharge, total head, and efficiency metrics, ensuring correct engine sizing.
Modern harvesting techniques include mechanical harvesting, with advancements tracked for efficiency and yield optimization.

General Safety and Regulatory Compliance

Chemical application rates must align with safety standards and calibration tests for accurate leveling in pest control methods.
Machine safety features and maintenance protocols help in adhering to agricultural safety standards, protecting users and machinery alike.

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Description

This quiz compiles essential review materials focused on mechanization, power, and machinery. Updated for the board exam preparation, it covers key concepts and identification skills related to these subjects. Perfect for students of engineering and technology.