Questions and Answers
What percentage of energy produced in India comes from nuclear power?
Which horsepower segment is the most popular for tractors in India?
Which of the following is not a component of the biomass used in biogas?
What is the correct ratio of cattle dung to water for biogas slurry?
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What is the pH range suitable for biogas production?
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If the Pull is 500 kg and the Speed is 900 m/minute, what is the DBHP?
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What is the primary focus of agricultural engineering?
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Who is recognized as the father of agricultural engineering in India?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of farm mechanization?
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What was the significant event in India related to tractor manufacturing?
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What is the average power output of a pair of bullocks used for farm work?
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What is the thermal efficiency range for diesel engines mentioned?
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Which organization was established in 1960 for agricultural engineers in India?
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Which one of the following sub-disciplines is NOT part of agricultural engineering?
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Study Notes
Agricultural Engineering
- Application of engineering principles in agriculture.
- Five major sub-disciplines:
- Farm Machinery and Energy
- Dairy Engineering
- Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
- Agricultural Structure and Process Engineering
- Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Professor Mason Vaugh recognized as the Father of Agricultural Engineering in India.
- The Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE) was established in 1960 at IIT, Kharagpur, with headquarters in New Delhi.
Farm Mechanization
- Focuses on enhancing agricultural operations through engineering and technology to boost crop yield.
- Involves development, application, and management of mechanical aids for various agricultural processes, including field operations and water control.
- Mechanical aids encompass hand tools, animal-drawn implements, power tillers, tractors, engines, electric motors, and equipment for grain processing and transportation.
Benefits of Farm Mechanization
- Timeliness and precision in agricultural operations.
- Improved work environment and safety for farmers.
- Significant reduction in labor drudgery.
- Increased productivity and economic returns for farmers.
- Reduction in crop and food product losses, leading to better prosperity in rural areas.
- Promotion of farmer dignity through mechanization efforts.
Farm Power and Equipment Engineering
- First tractor manufacturing in India began in 1960-61 by Eicher Good Earth.
- Average power requirements:
- Human labor: 0.1 hp (74.6 watts).
- Bullocks: 1 hp (746 watts).
- Diesel engines achieve a thermal efficiency of 32-38%; petrol engines range from 25-32%.
- Energy production in India: thermal power (56%), hydroelectric (36%), nuclear (16%), with the remainder from diesel and gas.
Classification of Farm Holdings
- Farms in India are classified as marginal (less than 10 hectares).
Popularity and Specifications of Tractors
- Most popular tractors fall in the 30-39 hp category.
Horsepower Calculations
- 1 H.P. converts to 75 kg-m/sec or 4500 kg-m/minute.
- Specific formulas for calculating horsepower for 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines, incorporating mean effective pressure and other variables.
- Indicated Horse Power (IHP) is determined by adding Break Horse Power (BHP) and Friction Horse Power (FHP).
- Draft Horse Power (DBHP) can be calculated using pull and speed measurements.
Biogas Production
- Composition: Methane (45-70%) and Carbon Dioxide (30-35%).
- Optimal conditions for production include a pH range of 7-8 and a temperature of 35°C.
- Biogas calorific value is approximately 4500 kcal/m³.
- Cattle dung to water ratio for biogas slurry is maintained at about 4:5 or 1:1.
- Daily dung production estimates: buffaloes (15 kg), bullocks/cows (10 kg), calves (5 kg).
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 01 on Farm Mechanization and Power within Agricultural Engineering. It explores the application of engineering in agriculture, focusing on key sub-disciplines like farm machinery, dairy engineering, and irrigation. Test your knowledge on the essential concepts and significant figures in this field.
