Anderson 1.2
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Questions and Answers

Which theory of anesthesia initially believed that anesthetics, being lipid soluble, dissolved in the lipid bilayer and produced changes in the membrane structure sufficient to induce anesthesia?

  • Lipid Protein Theory
  • Meyer-Overton Rule
  • Unitary Theory of Anesthesia (correct)
  • Anesthetic Target Sites - Protein Theory
  • What is the likely primary site of action of general anesthetics according to the electrophysiologic effects?

  • Synaptic (correct)
  • Presynaptic
  • Postsynaptic
  • Neuronal
  • Which ion channel is likely involved in the electrophysiological effects of anesthetics and is not highly sensitive to anesthetics as a whole?

  • Na+
  • HCN (correct)
  • 2P/4TM
  • K+ (background or 'leak' channels)
  • Which ion channel is involved in synaptic effects and is inhibited by volatile anesthetics?

    <p>Ca++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of effect on GABAA receptor channels is seen at supraclinical concentrations of anesthetic?

    <p>Direct gating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligand-gated ion channel activation enhances higher-order brain function such as learning, memory, and attention?

    <p>Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ion channels is NOT primarily involved in the electrophysiological effects of general anesthetics?

    <p>Ligand-gated ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of action of dexmedetomidine?

    <p>Locus coeruleus (LC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area plays an important role in the emergence from anesthesia?

    <p>Perifornical area (PF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Orexin in stabilizing the sleep-wake switch?

    <p>Stimulates the Tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter directly stimulates the cerebral cortex through Ach release from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM)?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anesthetic is associated with an incidence of awareness with recall during general anesthesia?

    <p>Nitrous oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does BIS (Bispectral Index) assess in monitoring awareness under anesthesia?

    <p>Burst suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what MAC percentage does unconscious memory (implicit) get ablated by general anesthesia with Isoflurane?

    <p>$0.6$%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What range of BIS indicates a patient under general anesthesia?

    <p>$40-60$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is thought to be primarily mediated at the spinal cord level?

    <p>Immobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of NE to the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Locus coeruleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which nucleus is involved in creating a sleep-wake cycle?

    <p>Tuberomamillary nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is considered to be the primary site of action of dexmedetomidine?

    <p>Attenuation of autonomic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the target for anesthetic action now thought to be?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory initially believed that anesthetics dissolved in the lipid bilayer and produced changes in membrane structure sufficient to induce anesthesia?

    <p>Lipid Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of general anesthesia generally impairs short-term memory while leaving long-term memory intact?

    <p>Amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, which component is believed to be mediated primarily at the synapse?

    <p>Analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components constitute general anesthesia?

    <p>Unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, immobility, and attenuation of autonomic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

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