Mechanisms of Action of Antibiotics

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Which enzymes do β-lactam antibiotics inhibit to prevent the formation of crosslinks in bacteria?

Polymerases

Kinases

Ligases

Transpeptidases (correct)

What is the mechanism of action shared by cephalosporins and penicillins in targeting bacteria?

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Altering cell membrane function

Targeting transpeptidases (correct)

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Which drug class includes vancomycin and teicoplanin as antibiotics?

Macrolides

Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Glycopeptides (correct)

What is the main target of sulfonamides in bacteria during folic acid synthesis?

Dihydropteroate synthase Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism do monobactams act through to combat microorganisms?

Inhibition of transpeptidase Signup and view all the answers

What role do penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) play in bacterial cell wall synthesis?

Crosslinking peptide chains in peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria are carbapenems particularly effective against?

Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic specifically targets the transpeptidase involved in peptidoglycan synthesis?

Aztreonam Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antibiotics acts on the 50S ribosomal subunit in bacteria?

Macrolides Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is blocked by Quinolones to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis?

DNA gyrase Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of Lincomycins like clindamycin in bacteria?

50S ribosomal subunit Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic class is known for blocking bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit mRNA synthesis?

Rifampin Signup and view all the answers

How do polymyxins like colistin disrupt bacterial cell membranes?

By interacting with positively charged phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme do sulfonamides competitively inhibit in the folate synthesis pathway?

Dihydrofolate reductase Signup and view all the answers

How does trimethoprim contribute to the inhibition of folate synthesis?

By inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate result of disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane by colistin?

Cell death by destroying the selective barrier function Signup and view all the answers

Which group of antibiotics interfere with specific metabolic pathways essential for microorganisms?

Metabolic inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Why is resistance to antimicrobial drugs a concerning issue?

It impacts the treatment of bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers