Mechanisms of Action of Antibiotics
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Questions and Answers

Which enzymes do β-lactam antibiotics inhibit to prevent the formation of crosslinks in bacteria?

  • Polymerases
  • Kinases
  • Ligases
  • Transpeptidases (correct)
  • What is the mechanism of action shared by cephalosporins and penicillins in targeting bacteria?

  • Inhibition of protein synthesis
  • Altering cell membrane function
  • Targeting transpeptidases (correct)
  • Inhibition of DNA synthesis
  • Which drug class includes vancomycin and teicoplanin as antibiotics?

  • Macrolides
  • Quinolones
  • Tetracyclines
  • Glycopeptides (correct)
  • What is the main target of sulfonamides in bacteria during folic acid synthesis?

    <p>Dihydropteroate synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism do monobactams act through to combat microorganisms?

    <p>Inhibition of transpeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) play in bacterial cell wall synthesis?

    <p>Crosslinking peptide chains in peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria are carbapenems particularly effective against?

    <p>Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic specifically targets the transpeptidase involved in peptidoglycan synthesis?

    <p>Aztreonam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibiotics acts on the 50S ribosomal subunit in bacteria?

    <p>Macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is blocked by Quinolones to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis?

    <p>DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Lincomycins like clindamycin in bacteria?

    <p>50S ribosomal subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic class is known for blocking bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit mRNA synthesis?

    <p>Rifampin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do polymyxins like colistin disrupt bacterial cell membranes?

    <p>By interacting with positively charged phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do sulfonamides competitively inhibit in the folate synthesis pathway?

    <p>Dihydrofolate reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does trimethoprim contribute to the inhibition of folate synthesis?

    <p>By inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate result of disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane by colistin?

    <p>Cell death by destroying the selective barrier function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of antibiotics interfere with specific metabolic pathways essential for microorganisms?

    <p>Metabolic inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is resistance to antimicrobial drugs a concerning issue?

    <p>It impacts the treatment of bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

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