Mechanism of Toxicity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the mechanism of toxicity?

  • Repair or Dysrepair
  • Cellular Dysfunction and Resultant Toxicity
  • Delivery: Site of Exposure to the Target (correct)
  • Reaction of the ultimate toxicant with the target molecule

Which route of exposure involves inhaling the toxicant?

  • Inhale through the respiratory tract (correct)
  • Can be exposed from the toxicant through the skin
  • Ingest the toxicant (GI Tract)
  • Absorption

What process increases the concentration of toxicants at the target site?

  • Reabsorption
  • Pre-systemic elimination
  • Distribution away from the target
  • Toxication (correct)

Which step involves the transfer of chemicals from the site of exposure to systemic circulation?

<p>Absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for unprogrammed cell death?

<p>Necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does detoxification of toxicants primarily occur?

<p>In the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

<p>Necrosis involves bursting of the cell and release of damaging substances, while apoptosis results in cell shrinking and release of apoptotic bodies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the absorption of chemicals important in determining toxicity?

<p>Absorbed chemicals can lead to systemic toxicity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of exposure generally leads to the highest toxicity?

<p>Injection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during necrosis in response to tissue damage?

<p>Mitochondria release damaging substances upon bursting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do apoptotic bodies get eliminated after cell death?

<p>They are phagocytosed by immune cells like macrophages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ethanol readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but not through the skin?

<p>Absorption rates vary based on the form of a chemical and the route of exposure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is 'Delivery' in toxicology?

Movement of a toxicant from the exposure site to the target organ or tissue.

What exposure route involves breathing in a toxicant?

Inhalation of a toxicant through the respiratory system.

What is Toxication?

The process by which a substance becomes more toxic.

What is Absorption?

Transfer of a chemical from the exposure site into the bloodstream.

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What is Necrosis?

Unprogrammed cell death characterized by cell lysis and inflammation.

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Where does Detoxification mainly occur?

The liver, primarily responsible for neutralizing toxicants.

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Necrosis vs. Apoptosis?

Necrosis: cell bursts, releasing damaging substances. Apoptosis: cell shrinks, forming apoptotic bodies.

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Why is absorption crucial?

Chemicals must be absorbed to cause systemic toxicity.

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Route = Highest toxicity?

Injection, because it bypasses absorption barriers.

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What happens during necrosis?

Mitochondria breakdown and release harmful substances.

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How are apoptotic bodies cleared?

They are consumed by phagocytes (immune cells).

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Ethanol absorption differences?

Absorption varies by substance properties and exposure route.

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