12 Questions
What is the first step in the mechanism of toxicity?
Delivery: Site of Exposure to the Target
Which route of exposure involves inhaling the toxicant?
Inhale through the respiratory tract
What process increases the concentration of toxicants at the target site?
Toxication
Which step involves the transfer of chemicals from the site of exposure to systemic circulation?
Absorption
What is the term for unprogrammed cell death?
Necrosis
Where does detoxification of toxicants primarily occur?
In the liver
What is the main difference between necrosis and apoptosis?
Necrosis involves bursting of the cell and release of damaging substances, while apoptosis results in cell shrinking and release of apoptotic bodies.
Why is the absorption of chemicals important in determining toxicity?
Absorbed chemicals can lead to systemic toxicity.
Which route of exposure generally leads to the highest toxicity?
Injection
What happens during necrosis in response to tissue damage?
Mitochondria release damaging substances upon bursting.
How do apoptotic bodies get eliminated after cell death?
They are phagocytosed by immune cells like macrophages.
Why is ethanol readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but not through the skin?
Absorption rates vary based on the form of a chemical and the route of exposure.
Test your knowledge on the mechanisms of toxicity including delivery of toxicants, reaction with target molecules, cellular dysfunction, and repair processes. Learn about exposure routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.
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