34 Questions
What is the primary function of surfactant in the respiratory system?
Reduce surface tension of water
What does lung compliance measure?
Volume change in the lungs per unit increase in pressure
How is airway resistance defined?
Pressure difference between the mouth and alveoli divided by airflow
Which device is used to measure lung volumes?
Spirometry
What is the purpose of a flow-oriented incentive spirometer?
Help in maintaining proper airflow
What is the primary purpose of pulmonary ventilation?
To exchange gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli
How does air move into the lungs during pulmonary ventilation?
Due to alternating pressure differences created by respiratory muscle contraction and relaxation
Which aspect of the respiratory system is responsible for protecting the body from dust and microbes?
Mucus production, cilia, and coughing
What is the purpose of Fick’s Law of Diffusion in relation to gas exchange?
To regulate the rate of gas exchange in the alveoli
Which statement best describes the mechanism of breathing during pulmonary ventilation?
The movement of air into and out of the lungs due to pressure changes
In what way does lung compliance impact pulmonary ventilation?
By affecting the ease at which the lungs expand and contract
What happens when the pressure inside the alveoli becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure?
Air flows into the lungs
During exhalation, what happens as a result of the ribs being depressed?
Thoracic cavity size decreases
Which muscles are mainly responsible for decreasing lung volume during expiration?
Inspiratory muscles
What causes air to flow out of the lungs during expiration?
Increased atmospheric pressure
What is the primary role of the medullary respiratory center in the brain stem?
Sending nerve impulses for breathing muscle contraction and relaxation
Which area of the brain stem plays a significant role in controlling respiration?
Pons
What is the function of the Apneustic center in the respiratory system?
Controls the intensity of breathing
Which factor directly affects the collapse of alveoli in the respiratory system?
Surfactant in alveoli
How does the Pneumotaxic center affect breathing in the respiratory system?
Limits phrenic nerve activity
What role does the cerebral cortex play in the respiratory system?
Allows voluntary alteration of breathing pattern
Which center in the respiratory system sends signals to inhibit inspiration?
Pneumotaxic center
What stimulates the DRG neurons in the respiratory system to resume breathing when consciousness is lost?
High PCO2 and H
What is the primary function of the preBötzinger complex in the brainstem?
Generation of respiratory rhythm
Which group of neurons is responsible for generating impulses to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during normal quiet breathing?
Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
During periods of inactivity, what happens to the diaphragm and external intercostals under the influence of the DRG?
They relax for about three seconds
Which area in the pons was formerly referred to as the inspiratory area?
Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
What is the role of the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) in breathing?
Drive the rate at which DRG neurons fire action potentials
In what situations does the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) become activated?
When forceful breathing is required
What effect does surfactant have on the alveoli?
Reduces the surface tension
How is lung compliance defined?
Extent of lung expansion for each unit increase in trans-pulmonary pressure
What is the primary purpose of an airway resistance measurement?
To assess respiratory tract airflow resistance
How are lung volumes typically measured?
Using a flow-oriented spirometer with three chambers
What is the function of the chambers in a flow-oriented incentive spirometer?
To indicate the flow needed to raise balls
This quiz covers the basic principles of respiration, the role of gas concentrations and pressure, Fick’s Law of Diffusion, different respiratory models, and mechanisms of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange. It is arranged and compiled by SMCortez and JRDimaguiba for BIOL 121 students.
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