Mechanism of Respiration - General Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of surfactant in the respiratory system?

  • Close the alveoli
  • Reduce surface tension of water (correct)
  • Protect the alveoli from infections
  • Increase surface tension of water

    • What does lung compliance measure?

  • Airflow resistance
  • Volume change in the lungs per unit increase in pressure (correct)
  • Airway resistance
  • Lung volumes

    • How is airway resistance defined?

  • Resistance to airflow during exhalation only
  • Resistance to blood flow in the lungs
  • Resistance to airflow during inhalation only
  • Pressure difference between the mouth and alveoli divided by airflow (correct)

    • Which device is used to measure lung volumes?

    <p>Spirometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a flow-oriented incentive spirometer?

    <p>Help in maintaining proper airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>To exchange gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does air move into the lungs during pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>Due to alternating pressure differences created by respiratory muscle contraction and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the respiratory system is responsible for protecting the body from dust and microbes?

    <p>Mucus production, cilia, and coughing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Fick’s Law of Diffusion in relation to gas exchange?

    <p>To regulate the rate of gas exchange in the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the mechanism of breathing during pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>The movement of air into and out of the lungs due to pressure changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does lung compliance impact pulmonary ventilation?

    <p>By affecting the ease at which the lungs expand and contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the pressure inside the alveoli becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Air flows into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During exhalation, what happens as a result of the ribs being depressed?

    <p>Thoracic cavity size decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are mainly responsible for decreasing lung volume during expiration?

    <p>Inspiratory muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes air to flow out of the lungs during expiration?

    <p>Increased atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the medullary respiratory center in the brain stem?

    <p>Sending nerve impulses for breathing muscle contraction and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain stem plays a significant role in controlling respiration?

    <p>Pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Apneustic center in the respiratory system?

    <p>Controls the intensity of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor directly affects the collapse of alveoli in the respiratory system?

    <p>Surfactant in alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Pneumotaxic center affect breathing in the respiratory system?

    <p>Limits phrenic nerve activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cerebral cortex play in the respiratory system?

    <p>Allows voluntary alteration of breathing pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which center in the respiratory system sends signals to inhibit inspiration?

    <p>Pneumotaxic center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the DRG neurons in the respiratory system to resume breathing when consciousness is lost?

    <p>High PCO2 and H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the preBötzinger complex in the brainstem?

    <p>Generation of respiratory rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of neurons is responsible for generating impulses to the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles during normal quiet breathing?

    <p>Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During periods of inactivity, what happens to the diaphragm and external intercostals under the influence of the DRG?

    <p>They relax for about three seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area in the pons was formerly referred to as the inspiratory area?

    <p>Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) in breathing?

    <p>Drive the rate at which DRG neurons fire action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations does the Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG) become activated?

    <p>When forceful breathing is required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does surfactant have on the alveoli?

    <p>Reduces the surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is lung compliance defined?

    <p>Extent of lung expansion for each unit increase in trans-pulmonary pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an airway resistance measurement?

    <p>To assess respiratory tract airflow resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are lung volumes typically measured?

    <p>Using a flow-oriented spirometer with three chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chambers in a flow-oriented incentive spirometer?

    <p>To indicate the flow needed to raise balls</p> Signup and view all the answers

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