Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary direction of oxygen diffusion during internal respiration?
What is the primary direction of oxygen diffusion during internal respiration?
Which law states that the total pressure is the sum of all partial pressures of gases in a mixture?
Which law states that the total pressure is the sum of all partial pressures of gases in a mixture?
What percentage of carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions in plasma?
What percentage of carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions in plasma?
Which factor does NOT influence the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen?
Which factor does NOT influence the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs during the Bohr Shift in tissues?
What occurs during the Bohr Shift in tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of chemoreceptors in the control of respiration?
What is the role of chemoreceptors in the control of respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process occurs during hyperventilation?
Which process occurs during hyperventilation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gas has higher solubility in plasma compared to oxygen?
Which gas has higher solubility in plasma compared to oxygen?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Internal Respiration
- Internal respiration is the gas exchange between systemic capillaries and tissues.
- Oxygen diffuses from blood (high partial pressure) to tissues (low partial pressure).
- Carbon dioxide diffuses from tissues (high partial pressure) to blood (low partial pressure).
- This process deoxygenates the blood returning to the heart.
Gas Exchange Principles
- Gases move passively down pressure gradients across permeable membranes.
- A steeper pressure gradient leads to faster diffusion.
- Dalton's Law: Each gas in a mixture exerts its own partial pressure independently.
- Total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of all gases.
- Henry's Law: The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid depends on its partial pressure and solubility.
- Carbon dioxide is more soluble in plasma than oxygen.
Gas Transport
- Oxygen has low solubility in plasma. ~97% of oxygen binds to hemoglobin forming oxyhemoglobin.
- Oxygen saturation depends on PO2, pH (Bohr shift), PCO2, and temperature.
- Bohr Shift: Increased CO2 in tissues forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which dissociates to H+ and HCO3-.
- Elevated H+ lowers blood pH, reducing hemoglobin's oxygen-binding capacity, promoting oxygen release where CO2 levels are high.
- Carbon dioxide transport:
- 7% dissolved in plasma.
- 23% binds to hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin).
- 70% converted to bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in plasma.
Control of Respiration
- Chemoreceptors in the aortic and carotid arteries signal the brain's respiratory center.
- CO2 changes (via H+ and pH effects) are the primary stimuli for chemoreceptors.
- O2 receptors respond to significant O2 level changes.
- Hyperventilation increases breathing rate, expelling CO2, lowering PCO2, and reducing acidity.
- Hypoventilation decreases breathing rate, retaining CO2, increasing PCO2, and raising acidity.
Significance
- Internal respiration provides tissues with oxygen for metabolic processes and removes the waste product carbon dioxide.
- The regulation of respiration ensures adaptability to changing metabolic demands.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the fascinating processes of internal respiration and gas exchange in this quiz. Understand how gases move between blood and tissues, and learn about the laws governing these essential biological functions. Test your knowledge on the principles of gas transport and the roles of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
