Mechanism of Protein Translocation Across Membranes
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Questions and Answers

What is the main energy source that drives translocation in the Tat system?

  • Proton Motive Force (PMF) (correct)
  • ATP hydrolysis
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • GTP hydrolysis
  • How do Tat systems translocate proteins across biological membranes?

  • By unfolding the proteins before translocation
  • By creating a proton gradient in the cytoplasm
  • By translocating folded proteins (correct)
  • By utilizing ATP hydrolysis
  • What is the primary function of the Tat system in translocating proteins?

  • To transport proteins that have already folded (correct)
  • To maintain osmotic balance within the cell
  • To transport only unfolded proteins
  • To generate ATP for cellular processes
  • How does the function of the Tat system differ from the Sec system?

    <p>Sec system translocates folded proteins, while Tat system only translocates largely unfolded proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are translocated by the Tat system?

    <p>Folded proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the signal sequence after it inserts into the membrane during protein translocation?

    <p>It is cut by a specialized protease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for Sec-transported proteins before the signal sequence is cleaved?

    <p>Preproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins become anchored in the inner membrane when containing a hydrophobic sequence long enough to span the membrane thickness?

    <p>Integral membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an accessory protein in the translocation of integral membrane proteins?

    <p>Threads the unfolded protein through the translocon channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a protein with a sufficient hydrophobic sequence to span the membrane thickness during translocation?

    <p>Escapes sideways into the lipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a preprotein transform into a mature protein during translocation of integral membrane proteins?

    <p>After the signal sequence is cleaved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major pathway for the integration of proteins into the inner membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>The Sec system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tags is carried by Sec-targeted proteins?

    <p>Signal peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the positive-inside rule, where are the (+) charged residues adjacent to a hydrophobic α-helix located?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which translocator system is responsible for translocating proteins through the inner membrane in Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>The Sec system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Sec-targeted protein carry as an N-terminal tag?

    <p>Signal peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to determine the mechanism of translocator function?

    <p>(in vitro reconstitution)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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