Mechanical Weathering and Its Causes
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Questions and Answers

What is mechanical weathering primarily caused by?

  • Metamorphic processes
  • Physical means acting on rocks (correct)
  • Radiation from the sun
  • Chemical reactions in the environment
  • Which of the following is a type of mechanical weathering?

  • Thermal expansion (correct)
  • Oxidation
  • Dissolution
  • Hydrolysis
  • What is the primary cause of thermal expansion weathering in rocks?

  • The presence of living organisms
  • Rapid temperature changes (correct)
  • Rocks being exposed to water
  • High pressure within the Earth
  • Which factor is NOT a cause of mechanical weathering?

    <p>Chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sharp angular fragments known as grus form?

    <p>From thermal expansion and contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ice play in mechanical weathering?

    <p>It can lead to frost wedging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the expansion of water trapped in rock cracks that leads to rock weathering?

    <p>Frost weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exfoliation in the context of mechanical weathering?

    <p>The peeling away of layers from rock due to temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers exfoliation weathering in bedrock?

    <p>The release of pressure as the rock rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a physical cause of mechanical weathering?

    <p>Acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do salt crystals have on rocks during salt crystal growth weathering?

    <p>They push through and widen existing cracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical weathering can be influenced by which of the following?

    <p>Biological action by plants and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes biological weathering?

    <p>Weathering due to chemical reactions from living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of abrasion weathering on rocks?

    <p>Rounding and smoothing of surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does thermal expansion have on rocks?

    <p>It creates cracks and breaks in the rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mechanical Weathering

    • Mechanical weathering breaks down rock physically, not chemically.
    • External environmental factors physically break and chip away at the rock.

    Causes of Mechanical Weathering

    • Water
    • Ice
    • Salt/mineral crystals
    • Pressure release
    • Extreme temperatures
    • Wind
    • Plants
    • Animals

    Types of Mechanical Weathering

    • Thermal Expansion: Changes in temperature cause rocks to expand and contract, creating stress that breaks them apart. This is common in desert climates, leading to angular rock fragments (grus).
    • Frost Weathering/Ice Wedging: Water seeps into cracks, freezes, expands, and widens the cracks. This is a significant factor in cold climates.
    • Exfoliation: Outer layers of bedrock peel away due to pressure release as the rock rises to the surface. This is seen in exposed, rising rock formations.
    • Abrasion: Rocks grinding against each other (due to wind, water, glaciers). This process rounds and smooths rock edges.
    • Salt Crystal Growth: Salts crystallize within rock cracks, expanding them and weakening the rock. Common in hot, dry or coastal areas.

    Biological Weathering

    • Living organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, mechanically or chemically break down rock.
    • Plant roots growing into cracks, burrowing animals, and organisms secreting acids all contribute to biological weathering.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of mechanical weathering, which breaks down rocks through physical means rather than chemical changes. This quiz covers various causes and types of mechanical weathering, including thermal expansion, frost weathering, and abrasion. Test your understanding of these processes and their significance in shaping our geological landscape.

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