Mechanical Ventilation - Mastering Tidal Volumes and Peak Flow Rates

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Which of the following is a purpose of mechanical ventilation?

To treat neuromuscular diseases such as Myasthenia Gravis

To deliver negative or positive pressure to the lungs

To decrease the work of breathing and improve patient's comfort

To maintain or improve ventilation and tissue oxygenation (correct)

What are the indications for mechanical ventilation?

Musculoskeletal abnormalities such as chest wall trauma

Abnormalities of pulmonary gas exchange (correct)

Acute respiratory failure due to infectious diseases of the lung

Patients who have received general anesthesia

Which parameters are considered when determining the need for ventilatory support?

Pulmonary function studies, normal range

Respiratory rate, tidal volume, vital capacity

Arterial blood gases, pH, PaO2, PaCO2 (correct)

Maximum Inspiratory Force, ventilation indicated

Which method of cycling is the most common form of ventilator cycling used in adult medicine?

Volume-cycled ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for mechanical ventilation?

To sustain life Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial mode of ventilation recommended when starting positive-pressure ventilation with a volumecycled ventilator?

Assist-control mode Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend of these values that should influence clinical judgment when considering starting mechanical ventilation?

Increasing severity of illness Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ventilator delivers a selected gas pressure to the patient early in inspiration, and sustains the pressure throughout the inspiratory phase?

Pressure Ventilator Signup and view all the answers

Which factor terminates the inspiratory cycle in a volume-cycled ventilator?

Preset tidal volume Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ventilator would be used to achieve lower peak ventilator pressures?

High-Frequency Ventilator Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of ventilation reduces the work of breathing to the amount of inspiration needed to trigger the machine?

Assist-control mode Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of ventilator alarms?

High-pressure and low-pressure alarms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanical complication of mechanical ventilation?

Failure of alarms or ventilator Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological complication can occur due to fluid overload with humidified air?

Fluid overload Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the formula for calculating minute ventilation (VE)?

VE = VT x F Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual rate of sighs per hour?

4 to 8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended range for peak airway pressure in adults?

20 to 30 cmH2O Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common setting for pressure sensitivity on a ventilator?

-1 to -2 cm H2O Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of mechanical ventilation allows the patient to initiate breaths at a higher rate than the preset number of breaths/minute?

Assist-control (A/C) Signup and view all the answers

In which mode of mechanical ventilation does the ventilator provide a pre-set tidal volume at a pre-set rate, and the patient can breathe spontaneously at his own tidal volume and rate with no assistance from the ventilator?

Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of mechanical ventilation is used when compliance is decreased and the risk of barotrauma is high?

Pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of mechanical ventilation completely provides ventilation to the patient with a preset tidal volume, respiratory rate, and oxygen concentration, and the patient does not breathe spontaneously?

Control Mode (CM) Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of ventilation is primarily used for weaning from mechanical ventilation?

Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of the percent of oxygen concentration that a patient can receive from the ventilator?

81% to 100% Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual range of tidal volume selected for a patient on a ventilator?

5 to 15 ml/kg body weight Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity?

1- Flushed face, 2- Dry cough, 3- Dyspnea, 4- Chest pain, 5- Tightness of chest, 6- Sore throat Signup and view all the answers