Mechanical Properties and Tensile Forces

<p>Martensite forms due to rapid cooling, thus it's not represented as an equilibrium phase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They define the temperature range for stable solid and liquid phases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate the material's reaction to being stretched (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>σ = F/A0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic limit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sample is about to fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may increase or decrease depending on the material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shear stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to absorb energy before fracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>τ = F/A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change in strain with respect to time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure acting on an object submerged in a fluid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by a linear relationship between stress and strain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The slope of the stress/strain curve in the elastic region. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yield point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be expressed as a mixture in any type of stress. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elasticity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement is proportional to force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be approximated as θ when strains are very small. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The atomic lattice is distorted and forms needle-shaped grains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quenching in water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases strength and hardness while improving toughness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The chemical composition and heat treatment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large grains and thicker pearlite layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mix of ferrite and pearlite with low yield strength. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The microstructure consists of elongated lenticular grains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a microstructure with smaller grains and higher strength. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature and duration of tempering must be controlled. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faster cooling produces lower strength steel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stiffness is directly proportional to the elastic modulus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is typically around 0.5. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C content is exactly 0.76%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the negative of the transverse strain to the tensile strain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dilation is directly proportional to the pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body-centered cubic lattice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ferrite has higher yield stress than austenite. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 0.2%. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinner layers of ferrite and cementite enhance yield stress. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Little extra cementite will appear together with pearlite. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A diagram that shows which phases of a material exist at equilibrium under specific conditions like temperature and composition.

A mixture of two or more phases that forms at a specific temperature and composition.

The process of solidifying an alloy over a range of temperatures, resulting in a non-uniform distribution of elements within a single grain.

A phase in steel with a high carbon content, formed by rapidly cooling austenite.

A mixture of ferrite and cementite phases, formed by cooling austenite slowly through the eutectoid point.

A property of a material that describes its resistance to deformation under applied force. It is a measure of how much a material stretches or compresses for a given load.

A property that describes the maximum stress a material can withstand before fracturing. It is a measure of how much force a material can handle before breaking.

A property that measures how much energy a material can absorb before fracturing. It is a measure of how resistant a material is to breaking under impact or stress.

A property that describes the resistance of a material to indentation. It is a measure of how hard it is to scratch or dent a material.

A type of force that pulls on a material, stretching it out. An example would be hanging a weight from a rope.

The force applied per unit area of a material. It is calculated by dividing the applied tensile force by the cross-sectional area of the material.

The change in length of a material divided by its original length. It is a measure of how much a material stretches or compresses in response to an applied force.

A force that acts parallel to the surface of a material, causing it to deform by shearing. An example would be pushing a book across a table.

A type of stress that causes deformation in a material by sliding or shifting layers parallel to each other.

The deformation that results from shear stress, measured as the angle of distortion or the ratio of displacement to original length.

The pressure exerted on an object when it is subjected to equal compression on all sides.

The change in volume of a solid due to applied pressure.

The rate at which strain (deformation) changes with respect to time.

The region on a stress-strain graph where the material can return to its original shape after the stress is removed.

The point on the stress-strain graph where the material begins to undergo permanent deformation.

A measure of a material's resistance to deformation in the elastic region. It is the ratio of stress to strain.

A type of pressure experienced by an object immersed in a fluid. It increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.

The rate at which a material cools down from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.

A slow cooling process where a sample is cooled down inside a furnace over a long period of time, often several hours.

The microstructure of steel that forms after slow furnace cooling. Features large grains and thicker layers of pearlite. Results in lower strength.

The natural cooling of steel in air. Also known as normalizing.

The microstructure of steel that forms after air cooling. Has smaller grains and thinner layers of pearlite compared to furnace cooling, resulting in higher strength.

A very rapid cooling process used to harden steel. This involves plunging heated steel into a quenching medium like oil or water.

A heat treatment process applied to martensite to improve toughness and ductility while slightly decreasing strength and hardness. It involves heating the steel to a specific temperature between 150°C and 700°C.

The microstructure of steel that forms after tempering martensite. It features larger, rounder grains and precipitates.

Classifying steel based on its carbon content and alloying elements. Examples include Low-carbon (Mild), Medium-carbon, High-carbon, Low-alloy, and High-alloy steels.

The relationship between stress and strain in an elastic material. It states that stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit.

The ratio of stress to strain in a material under tension or compression. It indicates how much a material stretches or shrinks under a given load.

The ratio of shear stress to shear strain in a material. It measures a material's resistance to deformation under shearing forces.

The ratio of pressure to dilation (volume change) in a material under uniform pressure. Indicates how much the material's volume changes under pressure.

The ratio of transverse (lateral) strain to tensile (axial) strain. It describes how much a material narrows when stretched.

A phase of iron, with a body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice, present at room temperature. It can dissolve up to 0.2% carbon.

A phase of iron, with a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice, present at high temperatures. It can dissolve up to 2.1% carbon.

The amount of stress a material can withstand before permanent deformation occurs. It indicates the material's strength.