78 Questions
EASY What type of screwdriver is used to drive Robertson screws?
Robertson screwdriver
What is the purpose of set screws?
To assemble shafts to parts
What is the purpose of a stud?
To remain in place while the nut is removed
What is the most common type of threaded fastener?
Bolt
How many sizes of bolts are recommended for general engineering use?
17
What is the purpose of a cap screw?
To fasten machinery with a finer tolerance and finish
What is the purpose of the washer face in a hex cap screw?
To provide a larger surface area
What is the purpose of the ISO system of identification markings?
To identify and select appropriate fasteners by strength
What is the purpose of the formulae for ISO thread length?
To determine the length of the thread
What is the purpose of the ISO recommendations for clearance holes for metric bolts?
To provide a safe and secure connection
What is the primary purpose of mechanical fasteners?
To fasten two or more parts of an object together
Which type of fastener is used to permanently secure two pieces together?
Fixed fasteners
What is the primary purpose of aligning fasteners?
To ensure two pieces fit together in an exact relationship
What type of head is most commonly found on stove bolts?
Slotted
What is unique about the neck of a carriage bolt?
It is square
What type of bolt is commonly used in automotive parts and plant machinery?
Machine bolts
What is a characteristic of machine screws?
They have threads running along their full length
What type of nut is usually supplied with stove bolts?
Square nut
What does the ISO designation system for property classes of fasteners consist of?
Two digits separated by a decimal
What is the minimum tensile strength of a bolt stamped '12.9' in MPa?
1200
What is the purpose of a flat washer?
To allow the bolt or nut to be used in an oversized clearance hole
What type of nut is used to hold wheel bearings and wheels in place?
Castle nut
What is the minimum yield strength of a bolt stamped '12.9' in MPa?
1080
What is the purpose of a lock washer?
To prevent unwanted turning of a nut or bolt head
What is the designation of the property class of a nut?
A number from 4 to 14
What is the purpose of a jam nut?
To keep another nut from loosening by vibration
MEDIUM What does the first digit in an ISO property class designation represent?
The minimum tensile strength of the fastener divided by 100 in MPa
What is the purpose of a lock washer?
To prevent unwanted turning of a nut or bolt head
What is the purpose of a castle nut?
To hold wheel bearings and wheels in place
What is the minimum yield strength of a bolt stamped '10.9' in MPa?
810
What is the designation of the property class of a nut?
4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14
What is the purpose of a flat washer?
To allow the bolt or nut to be used in an oversized clearance hole, prevent marring of the work surface, and distribute the compressive loading of the nut more evenly
What is the minimum tensile strength of a bolt stamped '14.9' in MPa?
14900
What is the purpose of clearance holes for ISO metric bolts?
To provide the correct amount of clearance between the bolt and the hole
Which type of threaded fastener is used in electrical equipment, household goods, and toys?
Stove Bolts
What is the primary purpose of aligning fasteners?
To join two pieces together in an exact relationship
Which type of head is available on machine bolts?
Hexagonal
What is unique about the threads of machine screws?
They have threads running along their full length
Which type of fastener is used to fasten castings, forgings, and wooden parts to metal parts?
Carriage Bolts
What is the primary purpose of threaded fasteners?
To fasten two or more parts of an object together
Which type of fastener is used where a snug fit is required in a drilled or tapped hole?
Machine Bolts
What is the characteristic of the neck of a carriage bolt?
It has a square neck
What is the primary purpose of a set screw?
To hold parts in a fixed relative position
What type of material is commonly used to make cap screws?
Low-carbon steel
What is the purpose of a stud removal tool?
To install and remove studs
What is the characteristic of bolts with a nominal diameter of 8 mm or larger?
They are available in coarse and fine thread
What is the purpose of the ISO thread length formulae?
To determine the thread length of a bolt
What is the primary purpose of a Robertson screwdriver?
To drive Robertson screws
What is the characteristic of a hex cap screw?
It has a washer face under the head and a chamfered point
What is the purpose of the ISO system of identification markings?
To identify the strength of a fastener
What is the characteristic of a headless set screw?
It has a slot for turning
What is the purpose of a bolt?
To fasten two parts together
HARD What is the main difference between stove bolts and machine screws?
Their intended applications
Which type of fastener is best suited for use in tapped holes or through holes with nuts on the end?
Stove bolts
What is the primary purpose of aligning fasteners like dowel or tapered pins?
To ensure two parts fit together exactly
What is the main characteristic of carriage bolts?
They have a square neck immediately below the head
What is the primary purpose of threaded fasteners like bolts, screws, and studs?
To fasten two or more parts of an object together
What type of fastener is commonly used in castings, forgings, and wooden parts attached to metal parts?
Carriage bolts
What is unique about the threads of machine screws?
They run along the full length of the screw
What type of head is most commonly found on machine bolts?
Hexagonal head
What is the primary purpose of the washer face on a hex cap screw?
To distribute the load of the screw
What is the primary purpose of case hardening set screws?
To increase their strength and durability
What is the primary advantage of using headless set screws?
They are safer to use on rotating shafts
What is the primary purpose of the ISO system of identification markings for fasteners?
To provide a standardized system for identifying fasteners
What is the primary purpose of the formulae for ISO thread length?
To determine the ideal thread length for specific applications
What is the primary purpose of the ISO recommendations for clearance holes for metric bolts?
To provide a standardized system for clearance holes
What is the primary purpose of the stud removal tool?
To remove studs from equipment
What is the primary characteristic of cap screws made of low-carbon steel?
They are very durable and long-lasting
What is the primary purpose of the hexagonal head on bolts?
To facilitate tightening with a wrench
What is the primary characteristic of bolts with a nominal diameter of 8 mm or larger?
They are available in both coarse and fine thread pitches
What is the primary purpose of the ISO system of identification markings on fasteners?
To identify the mechanical properties of the fastener
What is the purpose of using a coarse thread instead of a fine thread on a metric bolt?
To provide a more secure fastening in soft materials
What is the minimum tensile strength of a bolt stamped '8.8' in MPa?
880 MPa
What is the purpose of using a lock washer instead of a flat washer?
To prevent unwanted turning of a nut or bolt head
What is the designation of the property class of a nut that has a minimum tensile strength of 1200 MPa?
12.9
What is the primary purpose of using a castle nut instead of a machine bolt nut?
To hold wheel bearings and wheels in place
What is the minimum yield strength of a bolt stamped '10.9' in MPa?
960 MPa
What is the purpose of using a jam nut instead of a machine bolt nut?
To lock another nut from loosening by vibration
Study Notes
Mechanical Fasteners
- Devices used to fasten two or more parts of an object together
- Classified into three categories: threaded, fixed, and aligning
Threaded Fasteners
- Used to assemble and disassemble joints
- Examples: bolts, screws, and studs
- Types of threaded fasteners:
- Stove bolts
- Carriage bolts
- Machine bolts
- Machine screws
- Cap screws
- Set screws
- Studs
Stove Bolts
- Used in electrical equipment, household goods, and toys
- Available with flat, round, oval, and truss heads
- May have slotted, Phillips, or Robertson heads
Carriage Bolts
- Used to fasten castings, forgings, and wooden parts to metal parts
- Typically have truss type heads or square heads
- Have a square neck to prevent turning in wood or square holes
Machine Bolts
- Used where a snug fit is required in a drilled or tapped hole
- Typically have hexagonal heads
- Used in automotive parts and various plant machinery
Machine Screws
- Available in various head styles (e.g. fillister, flat, pan, truss)
- Hand driven by four basic tools: standard slot screwdriver, Phillips screwdriver, Robertson screwdriver, and Allen wrench
Cap Screws
- Used where a screw is required to have a finer tolerance and finish than machine screws
- Feature a washer face under the head and a chamfered point
- Made of low-carbon steel and commonly used in machinery construction
Set Screws
- Used for assembling shafts to parts or holding parts in a fixed relative position
- Available with various head and point styles (e.g. headless, cone, dog, hanger)
- Case hardened to withstand severe use
Studs
- Used extensively in equipment assembly
- Remains in place while the nut is removed
- Made from cylindrical stock threaded at both ends
- Installed and removed with a special stud removal tool
Bolts
- Most common type of threaded fastener
- May have square or hexagonal heads
- Torqued by open end, box, combination, or adjustable wrenches
Bolt Sizes
- Recommended sizes for general engineering use: 17 sizes available
- Sizes 8 mm in diameter and larger available in coarse and fine thread
- Preferred sizes have a better diameter/thread combination
Thread Length
- Recommended lengths by the International Standardization Organization (ISO)
- Formulae for thread length: 2 x Diameter, plus 6 mm
Mechanical Properties
- Identified by ISO marking symbols (e.g. 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, etc.)
- Mechanical properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and identification
- Designation system: two digits separated by a decimal (e.g. 8.8, 10.9, 12.9)
Nuts
- Threaded metal pieces used to tighten and clamp parts together
- Types of nuts:
- Rough and semi-finished nuts
- Finished nuts
- Machine bolt nuts
- Jam nuts (lock or check nuts)
- Castle nuts
- Property classes of nuts: 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14
Washers
- Metal rings or discs used between a nut or bolt head and the work surface
- Types of washers:
- Flat washers
- Lock washers
- Used to prevent unwanted turning of a nut or bolt head
Mechanical Fasteners
- Devices used to fasten two or more parts of an object together
- Classified into three categories: threaded, fixed, and aligning
Threaded Fasteners
- Used to assemble and disassemble joints
- Examples: bolts, screws, and studs
- Types of threaded fasteners:
- Stove bolts
- Carriage bolts
- Machine bolts
- Machine screws
- Cap screws
- Set screws
- Studs
Stove Bolts
- Used in electrical equipment, household goods, and toys
- Available with flat, round, oval, and truss heads
- May have slotted, Phillips, or Robertson heads
Carriage Bolts
- Used to fasten castings, forgings, and wooden parts to metal parts
- Typically have truss type heads or square heads
- Have a square neck to prevent turning in wood or square holes
Machine Bolts
- Used where a snug fit is required in a drilled or tapped hole
- Typically have hexagonal heads
- Used in automotive parts and various plant machinery
Machine Screws
- Available in various head styles (e.g. fillister, flat, pan, truss)
- Hand driven by four basic tools: standard slot screwdriver, Phillips screwdriver, Robertson screwdriver, and Allen wrench
Cap Screws
- Used where a screw is required to have a finer tolerance and finish than machine screws
- Feature a washer face under the head and a chamfered point
- Made of low-carbon steel and commonly used in machinery construction
Set Screws
- Used for assembling shafts to parts or holding parts in a fixed relative position
- Available with various head and point styles (e.g. headless, cone, dog, hanger)
- Case hardened to withstand severe use
Studs
- Used extensively in equipment assembly
- Remains in place while the nut is removed
- Made from cylindrical stock threaded at both ends
- Installed and removed with a special stud removal tool
Bolts
- Most common type of threaded fastener
- May have square or hexagonal heads
- Torqued by open end, box, combination, or adjustable wrenches
Bolt Sizes
- Recommended sizes for general engineering use: 17 sizes available
- Sizes 8 mm in diameter and larger available in coarse and fine thread
- Preferred sizes have a better diameter/thread combination
Thread Length
- Recommended lengths by the International Standardization Organization (ISO)
- Formulae for thread length: 2 x Diameter, plus 6 mm
Mechanical Properties
- Identified by ISO marking symbols (e.g. 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, etc.)
- Mechanical properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and identification
- Designation system: two digits separated by a decimal (e.g. 8.8, 10.9, 12.9)
Nuts
- Threaded metal pieces used to tighten and clamp parts together
- Types of nuts:
- Rough and semi-finished nuts
- Finished nuts
- Machine bolt nuts
- Jam nuts (lock or check nuts)
- Castle nuts
- Property classes of nuts: 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14
Washers
- Metal rings or discs used between a nut or bolt head and the work surface
- Types of washers:
- Flat washers
- Lock washers
- Used to prevent unwanted turning of a nut or bolt head
Mechanical Fasteners
- Devices used to fasten two or more parts of an object together
- Classified into three categories: threaded, fixed, and aligning
Threaded Fasteners
- Used to assemble and disassemble joints
- Examples: bolts, screws, and studs
- Types of threaded fasteners:
- Stove bolts
- Carriage bolts
- Machine bolts
- Machine screws
- Cap screws
- Set screws
- Studs
Stove Bolts
- Used in electrical equipment, household goods, and toys
- Available with flat, round, oval, and truss heads
- May have slotted, Phillips, or Robertson heads
Carriage Bolts
- Used to fasten castings, forgings, and wooden parts to metal parts
- Typically have truss type heads or square heads
- Have a square neck to prevent turning in wood or square holes
Machine Bolts
- Used where a snug fit is required in a drilled or tapped hole
- Typically have hexagonal heads
- Used in automotive parts and various plant machinery
Machine Screws
- Available in various head styles (e.g. fillister, flat, pan, truss)
- Hand driven by four basic tools: standard slot screwdriver, Phillips screwdriver, Robertson screwdriver, and Allen wrench
Cap Screws
- Used where a screw is required to have a finer tolerance and finish than machine screws
- Feature a washer face under the head and a chamfered point
- Made of low-carbon steel and commonly used in machinery construction
Set Screws
- Used for assembling shafts to parts or holding parts in a fixed relative position
- Available with various head and point styles (e.g. headless, cone, dog, hanger)
- Case hardened to withstand severe use
Studs
- Used extensively in equipment assembly
- Remains in place while the nut is removed
- Made from cylindrical stock threaded at both ends
- Installed and removed with a special stud removal tool
Bolts
- Most common type of threaded fastener
- May have square or hexagonal heads
- Torqued by open end, box, combination, or adjustable wrenches
Bolt Sizes
- Recommended sizes for general engineering use: 17 sizes available
- Sizes 8 mm in diameter and larger available in coarse and fine thread
- Preferred sizes have a better diameter/thread combination
Thread Length
- Recommended lengths by the International Standardization Organization (ISO)
- Formulae for thread length: 2 x Diameter, plus 6 mm
Mechanical Properties
- Identified by ISO marking symbols (e.g. 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, etc.)
- Mechanical properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and identification
- Designation system: two digits separated by a decimal (e.g. 8.8, 10.9, 12.9)
Nuts
- Threaded metal pieces used to tighten and clamp parts together
- Types of nuts:
- Rough and semi-finished nuts
- Finished nuts
- Machine bolt nuts
- Jam nuts (lock or check nuts)
- Castle nuts
- Property classes of nuts: 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14
Washers
- Metal rings or discs used between a nut or bolt head and the work surface
- Types of washers:
- Flat washers
- Lock washers
- Used to prevent unwanted turning of a nut or bolt head
Learn about the different types of mechanical fasteners, including threaded, fixed, and aligning fasteners, and their uses in assembling and disassembling equipment.
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