29 Questions
What is the primary purpose of the APGAR test administered to newborns?
To measure the infant's appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration
In ancient imperial China, what was the primary requirement for applicants seeking a civil servant position?
Skilled in writing, reading, arithmetic, horsemanship, and archery
What is the primary purpose of classification in measurement?
To define whether objects fall in the same or different categories
What is the primary goal of measurement in scaling?
To represent quantities of attributes numerically
What is the primary focus of measurement in diagnosis?
To identify underlying causes of disorders or diseases
What is the core concept of measurement?
Rules for assigning symbols to objects to represent quantities or categories
What is the primary purpose of operationalization in behavioral theory?
To connect statistical analyses to broader concepts and theories
What is the value of behavioral theories when they are correct or plausible?
They can be used to explain or predict, and possibly control, patterns of behavior
Why is it challenging to measure constructs?
Because different researchers may select different types of behavior to operationally define a construct
What is a limitation of behavioral measures?
They often lack well-defined units and origins
What is required for constructs to be considered valid?
They must demonstrate relationships with other constructs
What is a challenge in measuring constructs?
Knowing the true value of a measurement
Between 1984 and 1995, what was a notable issue at the Bristol Royal Infirmary?
The high mortality rate of children undergoing heart surgery
What type of validity is a judgment call, assessing whether a measure seems valid 'on its face'?
Face validity
What is the primary concern in ensuring content validity when creating a measure?
The measure's representation of the relevant content domain
What type of validity involves checking a measure against a relevant criterion, and is considered an empirical standard?
Criterion-related validity
What is an example of a content domain in creating a measure?
Knowledge of American geography
What is the primary goal of establishing validity in a measure?
To establish the measure's accuracy and reliability
What is the assumption of parallel-forms reliability?
That the forms are equivalent in terms of difficulty and content
What is the purpose of administering both forms in parallel-forms reliability?
To get the correlation between the two forms
What is the Spearman-Brown Formula used for in internal consistency reliability?
To estimate the reliability using the split-half method
What is the difference between internal consistency and parallel-forms reliability?
Internal consistency is used for a single form, while parallel-forms reliability is used for multiple forms
What is the purpose of calculating the average inter-item correlation in internal consistency reliability?
To get the reliability of the test
What is the advantage of using the split-half method in internal consistency reliability?
It provides a more accurate estimate of reliability
What is the formula to calculate the reliability of a 'new' split-half test?
rxx = K / (1 + (K – 1))r
What is the value of Cronbach's alpha that indicates excellent internal consistency reliability?
α ≥.9
What is the purpose of the K value in the formula for calculating the reliability of a 'new' split-half test?
To calculate the number of times longer the 'new' test will be
What is the range of Cronbach's alpha values that indicate questionable internal consistency reliability?
.7 > α ≥.6
What is the formula for calculating Cronbach's alpha?
The formula is not provided in the text
Explore the significance of measurement in our daily lives, from birth to everyday applications. Learn how measurement has been an essential part of human society throughout history, even in ancient civilizations like imperial China.
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