Measurement Errors and Techniques in Physics

Questions and Answers

What is the SI unit of volume?

Cubic-metre (m3) (correct)

Litre (l)

Cubic-centimetre (cm3)

Millilitre (ml)

How is the volume of a rectangular block calculated?

length + breadth + height

length x breadth - height

length^2 + height

length x breadth x height (correct)

What is the equivalent of 1 millilitre in cubic centimetres?

10 cm3

1 cm3 (correct)

0.1 cm3

100 cm3

How should a measuring cylinder be positioned when measuring liquid volume?

Upright on a smooth surface Signup and view all the answers

What measurement technique is used to find the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?

Archimedes' principle of displacement Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the volume of a sphere?

$\frac{4}{3} \pi \times (radius)^3$ Signup and view all the answers

How many millilitres are there in one litre?

1000 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which method should be used to avoid parallax error when reading the volume in a measuring cylinder?

Eye level should be perpendicular to the lower meniscus Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to find the volume of a cylinder?

$\pi \times (radius)^2 \times height$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cubic metres and cubic centimetres?

1 m3 = 10^6 cm3 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Measurement Errors and Techniques

To minimize Parallax error during measurement, ensure that the line of sight is perpendicular to the reading.

Measuring Instruments for Length

Micrometer Screw Gauge: Accuracy of 0.01 mm, used for very short lengths like the diameter of a metal wire.
Vernier Calipers: Accuracy of 0.01 cm, suitable for short lengths such as the diameter of a measuring cylinder.
Metre Rule: Accuracy of 0.1 cm, appropriate for medium lengths, e.g., image distance of a lens.
Measuring Tape: Accuracy of 0.1 cm, used for long lengths like those in a physics laboratory.

Area Calculations

Rectangle: Area = length × breadth
Triangle: Area = ½ × base × height
Circle: Area = π × (radius)²
SI unit of area: square metre (m²); 1 cm² = 10⁻⁴ m².

Volume Overview

Volume represents the space occupied by an object.
SI unit of volume: cubic metre (m³); 1 cm³ = 10⁻⁶ m³.
Common conversions: 1 litre (l) = 1000 ml = 1000 cm³.

Physical Quantities

Physical Quantity: Measurable or calculable from physical properties; expressed as a product of a number and a unit.
Basic Quantities: Fundamental quantities that cannot be derived from others. Examples include:
- Length: metre (m)
- Mass: kilogram (kg)
- Time: second (s)
- Current: ampere (A)
- Temperature: Kelvin (K)
- Amount of substance: mole (mol)
- Luminous intensity: candela (cd)
Derived Quantities: Expressible in terms of other physical quantities, such as area, volume, and density.

Volume Calculation for Regular Shapes

Rectangular Block: Volume = length × breadth × height
Sphere: Volume = (4/3)π × (radius)³
Cylinder: Volume = π × (radius)² × height

Volume Measurement in Liquids

Volume measured in litres (l); to measure:
- Pour liquid into a measuring cylinder.
- Ensure the cylinder is upright on a level surface.
- Read the scale at eye level, perpendicular to the lower meniscus to avoid Parallax error.

Volume Measurement for Irregular Solids

Use water displacement method:
- Fill a measuring cylinder and note the initial water level.
- Immerse the solid and record the new water level.
- The difference gives the volume of the irregular solid.

Description

This quiz covers various measurement errors and techniques used in physics. It discusses instruments for measuring length, area calculations for different shapes, and an overview of volume. Enhance your understanding of measurements in a physics context.