Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does a straight slanted line on a speed vs. time graph indicate?
What does a straight slanted line on a speed vs. time graph indicate?
- Constant acceleration (correct)
- Changing velocity
- No motion
- Constant velocity
What is indicated by a flat line on a velocity vs. time graph?
What is indicated by a flat line on a velocity vs. time graph?
- Constant velocity (correct)
- No motion
- Constant acceleration
- Changing direction
What does a curved line on a displacement vs. time graph represent?
What does a curved line on a displacement vs. time graph represent?
- Constant velocity
- Changing velocity (acceleration) (correct)
- No motion
- Constant acceleration
What does a flat line below zero indicate on an acceleration vs. time graph?
What does a flat line below zero indicate on an acceleration vs. time graph?
In terms of slope, what does a steeper line on a graph indicate?
In terms of slope, what does a steeper line on a graph indicate?
Why is a standard measurement system crucial in scientific practice?
Why is a standard measurement system crucial in scientific practice?
What is the metric equivalent of 600 meters expressed in kilometers?
What is the metric equivalent of 600 meters expressed in kilometers?
Which of the following is NOT an SI unit of measure?
Which of the following is NOT an SI unit of measure?
What does acceleration refer to in the context of motion?
What does acceleration refer to in the context of motion?
What is the meaning of the SI prefix 'Centi-'?
What is the meaning of the SI prefix 'Centi-'?
Which statement accurately describes speed and velocity?
Which statement accurately describes speed and velocity?
In a distance vs. time graph, what does the slope of the line represent?
In a distance vs. time graph, what does the slope of the line represent?
What is an example of negative acceleration?
What is an example of negative acceleration?
Flashcards
Slope
Slope
The steepness of a line on a graph, calculated as the change in the vertical direction (y) divided by the change in the horizontal direction (x).
Speed vs. Time Graph
Speed vs. Time Graph
A graph that shows how speed changes over time. A straight, sloped line indicates constant acceleration. A level line indicates constant speed (no acceleration).
Displacement vs. Time Graph
Displacement vs. Time Graph
A graph that shows how displacement (change in position) changes over time. A straight, sloped line indicates constant velocity (displacement is changing at a constant rate).A curved line means changing velocity (acceleration). A flat line shows no motion (displacement is constant).
Velocity vs. Time Graph
Velocity vs. Time Graph
A graph that shows how velocity changes over time. A sloped line indicates acceleration (velocity is changing). A flat line shows constant velocity (no acceleration). A line crossing zero shows a change in direction.
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Acceleration vs. Time Graph
Acceleration vs. Time Graph
A graph that shows how acceleration changes over time. A flat line above zero shows constant acceleration. A flat line at zero shows no acceleration (constant velocity). A flat line below zero indicates constant deceleration.
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Metric System
Metric System
A system of measurement that uses the number 10 as a base, allowing scientists to easily compare data and communicate their findings efficiently.
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International System of Units (SI)
International System of Units (SI)
A standardized system of units used in science to ensure consistent and reproducible measurements.
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Meter (m)
Meter (m)
The unit of measurement for length in the SI system, representing the distance between two points.
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Kilogram (kg)
Kilogram (kg)
The unit of measurement for mass in the SI system, representing the amount of matter in an object.
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Motion
Motion
The change in position of an object relative to a reference point.
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Reference Point
Reference Point
A stationary object used to determine if another object is in motion.
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Acceleration
Acceleration
The rate at which an object's velocity changes over time, including changes in speed and direction.
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Velocity
Velocity
The speed of an object in a specific direction.
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Measurement in Science
- A standardized measurement system is essential for scientists to reliably compare data and communicate findings.
- Without standardization, replication and verification of scientific results become more difficult due to varied units and interpretations.
- The metric system, based on powers of 10, is a fundamental component of scientific measurement.
- The International System of Units (SI) provides a standard set of units.
- Common SI prefixes represent multiples or fractions of the base unit (e.g. kilo-, centi-, milli-).
SI Units
- Meter (m): Measures length.
- Kilogram (kg): Measures mass.
- Cubic meter (m³): Measures volume.
- Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³): Measures density (mass per unit volume).
- Kelvin (K): Measures temperature.
- Second (s): Measures time.
Motion, Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
Describing Motion
- Motion: A change in an object's position relative to a reference point.
- Reference point: A stationary object used to determine motion.
- Relative motion: Perceived motion based on the reference point.
- Distance: The length between two points, measured in meters (m)
- Conversion of units is a necessary skill for scientific problem-solving. For example: 600 meters converts to 0.6 kilometers.
Speed and Velocity
- Speed: A scalar quantity (magnitude only).
- Velocity: A vector quantity (magnitude and direction).
Graphing Motion
- Distance-time graph: Shows how distance changes with time; the slope of the line represents speed.
- Speed-time graph: Shows how speed changes with time. A straight, slanted line indicates constant acceleration.
Acceleration
- Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity over time (increase/decrease in speed or change in direction).
- Formula: Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity)/Time
- Types: Positive acceleration (speed increasing), negative acceleration (deceleration - speed decreasing).
- Graphing Acceleration:
- Velocity-time graph: A sloped line indicates acceleration; a flat line indicates constant velocity.
- Acceleration-time graph: A flat line at a specific value indicates constant acceleration. A flat line at zero indicates no acceleration (constant velocity)
Motion Graphs
- Displacement-time graph: A straight sloped line indicates constant velocity, a curved line indicates changing velocity, and a flat line indicates no motion.
- Velocity-time graph: A sloped line indicates acceleration, a flat line indicates constant velocity, and a line crossing zero indicates a change in direction.
- Acceleration-time graph: A flat line above zero indicates constant acceleration. A flat line at zero indicates no acceleration (constant velocity). A flat line below zero indicates constant deceleration.
- Slope: The steepness of a line, calculated as the "rise over run" (change in vertical/change in horizontal).
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