Measurement Error in Behavioral Sciences: Constructs and Observables

What is the primary effect of random error on the data?

Which type of error tends to yield a systematic lower agreement rate in survey responses?

What is the primary reason why constructs in the behavioral sciences cannot be measured directly?

What is the difference between the value of a characteristic provided by the respondent and the true value of that characteristic referred to as?

What does the presence of systematic error result in?

What is the process of establishing a rule of correspondence between a theoretical concept and observable behaviors called?

How does random error affect the average performance of the group?

What do behavioral manifestations or proxies typically reflect in relation to a construct?

Why are constructs central to behavioral theory?

What is the term used to describe the difference between the value of a characteristic provided by the respondent and the true value of that characteristic?

What is the nature of the continuum along which subjects are positioned in relation to a construct?

What is the relationship between overt behaviors and a construct?

What is a primary consideration when deciding on the most appropriate data collection method?

What can occur due to poorly worded survey instructions or ambiguous definitions?

What is a factor that can influence the response to a question?

What can be a limitation of the questions in a questionnaire?

What is a consideration when designing a questionnaire?

What are the four sources of measurement error mentioned in the text?

What is a primary way an interviewer can introduce error in survey responses?

What is a source of measurement error that arises from the respondent's perspective?

What is the process of forming memories or retaining knowledge related to in the context of measurement error?

What is the result of an interviewer varying their inflection or tone of voice?

What is the process of choosing an appropriate answer from available options based on retrieved information?

How can an interviewer's personal mannerisms influence survey responses?

What is the primary purpose of administering different treatments to randomly selected subsamples of the full survey sample?

In which type of setting can measurement error be studied?

What is the main reason why survey managers emphasize controlling the sources of measurement error?

What is the purpose of triangulating across several measures?

What is the purpose of double-checking data?

What is the benefit of making observations or measurements as unobtrusive as possible?