Measurement Error in Analytical Instruments

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of calibration?

  • To ensure the repeatability of the measurement instrument
  • To ensure the accuracy of the measurement instrument (correct)
  • To ensure the reliability of the measurement instrument
  • To ensure the precision of the measurement instrument

What is the primary purpose of standardization?

  • To ensure the precision of the measurement instrument
  • To ensure the reliability of the measurement instrument
  • To ensure the repeatability of the measurement instrument
  • To ensure the accuracy of the measurement instrument (correct)

What is a common source of sampling error that can lead to significant errors?

  • Contamination of samples during or after their collection (correct)
  • Improper storage of samples
  • Incorrect labeling of samples
  • Biased or nonrepresentative sampling

What is the main purpose of validation in analytical procedures?

<p>To ensure the accuracy of the procedure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure of central tendency is the middle value when data are ordered from smallest to largest?

<p>Median (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of using the median over the mean as a measure of central tendency?

<p>The median is less affected by outliers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of precision in measurements?

<p>A measure of the spread of data about a central value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error is a determinate error whose value depends on the amount of sample analyzed?

<p>Proportional determinate error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reproducibility defined as in terms of precision?

<p>Precision obtained under any other set of conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of error causes some measurements or results to be too high while others are too low?

<p>Intermediate error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does repeatability refer to in the context of precision?

<p>Precision obtained when all measurements are made by the same analyst, using the same solutions and equipment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the effect of indeterminate error be minimized?

<p>By knowing the sources and relative magnitudes of the error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of measurement error?

<p>Limitations in the equipment and instruments used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do manufacturers typically report measurement error for their equipment?

<p>As a range within which the true value lies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a personal error?

<p>Consistently overestimating or underestimating instrument readings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in identifying determinate errors?

<p>Lack of knowledge about the true value of the analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of personal error in the text?

<p>Using an analytical instrument with a known error range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of providing a tolerance or error range for analytical equipment?

<p>To indicate the maximum possible error in the measurement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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