Measurement and Behavior Observation Techniques
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Questions and Answers

Which environment would you choose to teach this skill in order to preserve her dignity?

In a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step appropriately.

You can track your learner's progress in mands by?

Taking frequency data and graphing the results to be analyzed over time.

When you alter the environment to create motivation for something, you are?

Contriving and capturing motivating operations.

What is the most intrusive prompt you can give when James is reaching for a gummy worm and isn't saying 'gummy'?

<p>Model the word 'gummy' (ethical prompt).</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mand is controlled by?

<p>Motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a behavior analyst watched Jimmy for 5 minute periods and recorded if he were humming for any part of that 5 minute period, she would be using?

<p>partial interval recording</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kind of data should be recorded on a graph for visual analysis?

<p>all data</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frequency recording would be appropriate to use for which behavior?

<p>key strokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a behavior analyst measured the length of time that it took Andrew to respond to someone calling him, she would be measuring the?

<p>latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

An operational definition is used for a behavior so that?

<p>two independent observers will agree on occurrences and non-occurrences of the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

When labeling the vertical or y-axis you should indicate the specific measurement of behavior?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Outcome recording could be used for which behavior?

<p>writing an essay</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indirect assessment consists of?

<p>interviews, rating scales, questions, surveys, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a behavioral treatment?

<p>define the behavior and select a measurement technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the best definition for hitting.

<p>forceful contact between the learner's hand and another person</p> Signup and view all the answers

A behavior intervention plan is?

<p>a guide for parents, teachers and other professionals on how to decrease inappropriate behavior and/or behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kyle walked into his classroom. The teacher told him to get his math book. Kyle fell to the floor. The teacher went to tell the principal about his behavior instead of doing the math lesson. What was the antecedent to falling on the floor?

<p>being told to get his math book</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an antecedent?

<p>an event that sets the stage for the behavior and occurs in close proximity to the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Topography is the same as?

<p>form; what the behavior looks like</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before you can make a hypothesis about the function(s) of the target behavior, you must do all of the following except?

<p>tell the parents to skip medication for a day so you can rule out medication effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a real observation, it is important to do which of the following?

<p>record several instances of the behavior in several settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be a Motivating Operation?

<p>Tommy hasn't eaten today and is very hungry</p> Signup and view all the answers

What situation might warrant a functional assessment of problem behavior and a behavior intervention plan?

<p>Candace throws items at her peers during class. This happens several times/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not socially mediated?

<p>automatic reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

The function of a behavior?

<p>can change based on setting and people present</p> Signup and view all the answers

An important ethical question to ask yourself when setting up a behavior change program is?

<p>how will this benefit the individual?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is observable and allows for data collection?

<p>hitting with open hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 functions of behavior?

<p>access to tangibles, to gain attention, escape, automatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavioral definitions must be both?

<p>observable and measurable</p> Signup and view all the answers

To maintain organization, what choices should you give yourself for every piece of paper you receive or generate?

<p>throw it away, route it to someone else, act on it now or file it and put it on your master to-do list</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not appropriate to document in a communication log book?

<p>comments critical of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two of the highest priorities in record keeping when providing services to people with disabilities?

<p>the person's preferences, and communication between coworkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five rules of incident report writing?

<p>write for an audience, account for everyone and everything, be clear and chronological, be timely and complete, consider the attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three things that work together to ensure the person is living a life that reflects their needs and desires?

<p>the service plan, your support of the person based on this plan and the documentation of your support</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintaining accurate documentation while dependably providing excellent services requires what from you?

<p>good judgement to strike a balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two things you need to maintain if you assist a person with banking and bill paying?

<p>a transaction record and a reconciliation of the transaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete this sentence: Documentation and record keeping are important to ensure ______.

<p>accountability, coordination of care between yourself and other supports and to guide the improvement of services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two reasons that documentation is beneficial?

<p>more complete communication in emergencies, and more accurate assessments, will improve services to the person</p> Signup and view all the answers

Good record keeping assures that the team is not making decisions based on random impressions but on what?

<p>valid information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of writing and reviewing accurate and complete incident reports?

<p>to prevent recurrences of that incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

Your documentation, when reviewed, will help to assure?

<p>the person is receiving comprehensive services</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the communication log?

<p>to inform other supporters of daily events they need to know in order to provide a continuity of quality care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two things you can do to organize and prepare for each day ahead of time?

<p>use a to-do list and keep a calendar to review what is up ahead</p> Signup and view all the answers

High quality documentation is important because it can result in which of these outcomes?

<p>a full and safe life for the person served</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to having knowledge of the service plan, what are your responsibilities related to it?

<p>to provide and document the services you give to the person as outlined in the plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can your documentation related to a person's health screenings help to ensure?

<p>that they are receiving the health screenings that are recommended for their sex, age, and medical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you document, you should attempt to document only?

<p>what was observed, not interpretations of what was observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later?

<p>carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one thing you can do to maximize accuracy of what you document when assessing a person?

<p>document immediately after an observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of using time delay when prompting is?

<p>to fade prompts and transfer the response to the SD</p> Signup and view all the answers

A phonemic prompt is?

<p>a small verbal prompt that gets the learner to emit the desired response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best prompt to use when first teaching imitation?

<p>physical prompts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units is the definition of?

<p>task analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of prompt is being used when the teacher flashes the light off then on to get the students' attention?

<p>visual prompt</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discrimination training requires?

<p>one response and two antecedent conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

During episodes of non-compliance, it may be necessary to use which type of prompt?

<p>physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task analysis is the first step in?

<p>chaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

Johnny is reinforced for saying ba, then baba, then bottle; this is an example of what procedure?

<p>shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

When teaching a new behavior, you should use which type of prompt hierarchy?

<p>most to least</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three steps of discrimination training are?

<p>teach in isolation, add distracters, mix in mastered items</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Video modeling is a new area of research in the field of education and behavior analysis?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Video modeling is beneficial because?

<p>some children with autism already imitate videos and watching videos is often reinforcing</p> Signup and view all the answers

When creating video-self modeling videos, you?

<p>videotape the student engaging in the desired behavior and edit out any other behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

When teaching a new skill, you should?

<p>use multiple stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

To help establish functional relationships, you should do which things?

<p>perform preference assessments and allow the child to choose the task/activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can you do to teach a concept in a way that will more easily generalize to other persons, settings and related behaviors?

<p>teach with many different examples of the same item or activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods are based on the principles of ABA?

<p>Both DTI and NaTS</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Both discrete trial instruction and naturalistic teaching strategies are established treatments for developmental disorders?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: What someone says they want is the best predictor of reinforcer effectiveness?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a functional relationship between a behavior and a consequence when that behavior naturally produces that?

<p>consequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both DTI and NaTS involve all of the following except?

<p>providing only one trial of each skill</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rob is learning body parts and loves frogs. His teacher draws a frog, but leaves out parts of its body. When he points at the missing part, she prompts him to say the body part, then draws it. This is an example of NaTS because?

<p>the reinforcer was directly related to the material being taught</p> Signup and view all the answers

In discrete trial instruction, the reinforcer _____ related to the material being taught and in naturalistic teaching strategies, the reinforcer _______ related to the material being taught.

<p>is not/is</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about mand training?

<p>motivation is needed to appropriately teach manding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Free operant preference assessments involve?

<p>watching what your learner chooses to do when they can play with anything available</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multiple exemplar training refers to?

<p>using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an RBT is unknowingly assigned to work with a relative, which of the following is the best course of action for the RBT to take?

<p>inform the supervisor and ask not to work with the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

Your supervisor tells you to use a strategy you have no idea how to use. What is the best response to the request?

<p>tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a dual relationship?

<p>Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tina's son</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of interventions are RBTs allowed to use?

<p>scientifically based behavioral interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sarah works as an RBT in the local school system. She was at a party, drank one too many drinks, and was arrested while intoxicated. The next Monday after the incident, she?

<p>informed the supervisor and the BACB what had happened</p> Signup and view all the answers

RBTs must document?

<p>the data from the session and any other relevant information</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an intervention is implemented with a 'high degree of fidelity,' it is?

<p>implemented consistently and accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention?

<p>if the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following violates the professional and compliance code element that addresses 'disseminating accurate information about behavior analysis'?

<p>a brochure that states 'ABA can ensure that your child will speak within 3 weeks of starting therapy'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is the best way to describe this particular behavioral intervention to a parent of a child receiving the intervention?

<p>after John has written 3 letters of his name, give him a small piece of crunchy cereal</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the professional and ethical compliance code, clients and their families have a right to?

<p>your background check and credentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tasks are RBTs allowed to perform?

<p>implement behavior change programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before a behavior change plan can be developed, what has to happen?

<p>an assessment of the client's skills and needs must be conducted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ellen is an RBT who works with clients with autism in their homes. Currently, she sees 3 children every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 2 hours at a time. Each of them lives 15-30 miles from each other. By the time she gets to the last child she works with on those days, she is exhausted and doesn't always do as good of a job as she knows she can do. She is offered an opportunity to work with another child who lives 2 miles from the second child she sees those days. What should she do?

<p>speak with her supervisor about the situation and offer to work with the RBT who can take over therapy for her current third child for those days</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you take a job working with adults on the autism spectrum but have only worked with children on the autism spectrum, which of the following should you do?

<p>get training in working with that population</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intervention?

<p>an RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person's hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances is it alright not to take data immediately after a behavior occurs?

<p>when the demands of the intervention or the behavior of the person precludes taking data immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical intervention must be used, it is important to?

<p>make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following evidence-based practices in ABA could help someone learn to communicate their wants and needs?

<p>functional communication training</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer?

<p>an entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects treatment by competent personnel?

<p>Felicity is working with 8 year old Marcus today. She has completed her RBT training and all the company training. She has spent 5 hours shadowing other therapists working with Marcus and has completed 2 successful sessions with him under the observation of the BCBA</p> Signup and view all the answers

The United Nations General Assembly provided a standard for?

<p>the rights of all humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mack is a 6 year old boy with autism and intense behavioral needs. His ABA team must make some staff changes. Which of the following scenarios would likely have the least negative impact on Mack?

<p>make one staffing change at a time and not change out other staff until the new staff member on the team can work independently and successfully with Mack</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Measurement and Data Collection Techniques

  • Partial Interval Recording: Observing behavior during specified time intervals to determine if the behavior occurred.
  • Frequency Recording: Useful for counting occurrences of specific behaviors, such as key strokes.
  • Latency Measurement: Assessing the time it takes for an individual to respond to stimuli, such as a call.
  • Outcome Recording: Documenting the completed behavior, for example, writing an essay.

Behavioral Definitions and Observations

  • Operational Definitions: Ensure agreement among observers regarding what constitutes the occurrence or non-occurrence of a behavior.
  • Topography of Behavior: Refers to the form or appearance of the behavior being observed.
  • Antecedents: Events that precede a behavior and may influence its occurrence, such as instructions given to students.

Behavior Intervention Plans

  • Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP): A strategic guide for addressing inappropriate behaviors through structured intervention strategies.
  • Functional Assessment: Analyzing behavior to determine its purpose, including circumstances leading to maladaptive behavior, like throwing objects.

Ethical Considerations

  • Client Benefits: Critical to consider how interventions will benefit individuals receiving support.
  • Documentation of Services: Maintain integrity and accountability through accurate records reflecting client needs and progress.

Techniques for Skill Acquisition

  • Task Analysis: Breaking complex behaviors into manageable steps for teaching purposes.
  • Prompting: Utilizing various types of prompts (e.g., verbal, physical, visual) to aid in skill acquisition and response.
  • Discrimination Training: Involves teaching subjects to differentiate between stimuli based on specific responses and conditions.

Behavior Change Strategies

  • Shaping: Gradually reinforcing closer approximations to the desired behavior.
  • Chaining: Teaching a sequence of behaviors by connecting smaller steps into a larger skill.
  • Generalization: Ensuring learned skills transfer across different contexts and stimuli.

Communication and Record Keeping

  • Communication Log: A tool used to keep track of daily activities and important information relevant for continuity of care.
  • Incident Reports: Important for documenting events to prevent recurrence and facilitate effective response to emergencies.

Professional Ethics and Responsibilities

  • Dual Relationships: Avoiding conflicts of interest, particularly in cases involving family members of clients.
  • Informed Consent: Obtaining permission before recording clients or conducting assessments.
  • Competence in Practice: Advocating for adequate training and supervision when working with different populations or new strategies.

Motivating Operations

  • Motivating Operations: Environmental changes that affect the desirability of behaviors and reinforcers, impacting learning and behavior.
  • Free Operant Preference Assessments: Observing natural choices to identify reinforcing activities or objects for clients.

Behavior Definition and Interventions

  • Functions of Behavior: Understanding the motivations behind behaviors, such as gaining attention or escaping demands.
  • Inappropriate Reinforcers: Recognizing harmful reinforcers that may negatively impact behavior, like excessive rewards for minor actions.

These notes cover critical aspects of behavior analysis, emphasizing measurement techniques, intervention strategies, ethical considerations, and professional practices in the field.

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Description

This quiz explores various techniques for measuring and observing behavior, including methods like partial interval recording and latency measurement. It also covers the importance of operational definitions and how to create effective behavior intervention plans. Test your knowledge on these essential concepts in behavior analysis.

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