24 Questions
Which of the following best describes 'pathogenicity'?
The ability to cause disease
What is 'virulence' in the context of pathogenicity?
The degree of pathogenicity
Which route describes direct entry of pathogens into the blood or tissues?
Parenteral route
What is the first stage for a successful pathogen transmission?
Pathogen leave the reservoir and enter the host via portal of entry
Which route of entry allows pathogens to gain access to the body when the mucosal or skin barriers are penetrated or injured?
Parenteral route
Which microorganism can bore through intact skin, causing a rash?
Candida
Which infectious disease is transmitted through insect bites?
Malaria
Which pathogen causes typhoid fever?
Salmonella enterica
Which microorganism is responsible for causing gonorrhoea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which infectious disease is commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water?
Hepatitis A
Which pathogen causes cholera?
Vibrio cholerae
Which infectious disease can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with hands, door handles, or vectors like insect bites?
HIV
Which microorganism has an infectious dose of over 100,000 cells required to cause disease?
Salmonella
Which pathogen is responsible for causing gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
Which route of transmission is associated with droplet transmission via sneezing?
Airborne
Which pathogen is commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water and has an infectious dose ranging from 500 to 10,000 cells?
Campylobacter
'Parenteral route' refers to the entry of pathogens into the body through:
Traumatic injury or cuts
'Hookworm larvae can bore through intact skin' is an example of pathogens gaining access to the body through:
'Skin breaches by traumatic injury/cuts'
Which microorganism causes typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
Which route of entry allows pathogens to gain access to the body when mucosal or skin barriers are penetrated or injured?
Parenteral route
Which portal of entry is NOT correctly matched with an example of a disease-causing pathogen?
Gastrointestinal tract - Malaria (Plasmodium parasite)
What stage of successful pathogen transmission involves the pathogen adhering to the surface of the host?
Adherence
Which term refers to the degree of pathogenicity?
Virulence
Which route allows pathogens to gain access to the body when the mucosal or skin barriers are penetrated or injured?
Parenteral route
Study Notes
Pathogenicity and Virulence
- Pathogenicity is the ability of a microorganism to cause disease.
- Virulence is the degree of pathogenicity.
Routes of Entry
- Direct entry of pathogens into the blood or tissues occurs through the parenteral route.
- Pathogens can gain access to the body when mucosal or skin barriers are penetrated or injured through the compromised barriers route.
- Hookworm larvae can bore through intact skin, allowing pathogens to enter the body.
- Insect bites are an example of a route of entry that allows pathogens to gain access to the body.
Pathogen Transmission
- The first stage of successful pathogen transmission involves the pathogen adhering to the surface of the host.
- Typhoid fever is transmitted through contaminated food or water.
- Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food or water.
- Gonorrhoea is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected individuals.
- Gas gangrene is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected individuals.
- Insect bites can transmit infectious diseases such as typhoid fever.
- Droplet transmission via sneezing is an example of a route of transmission.
Pathogens and Diseases
- Salmonella causes typhoid fever.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhoea.
- Vibrio cholerae causes cholera.
- Clostridium perfringens causes gas gangrene.
- Some pathogens, such as Clostridium perfringens, have an infectious dose of over 100,000 cells required to cause disease.
- Some pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae, have an infectious dose ranging from 500 to 10,000 cells.
This quiz covers the microbial world and human microbial mechanisms of pathogenicity, focusing on how microorganisms enter a host, portals of entry, and quantifying pathogenicity through infectious dose and lethal dose. The definitions of pathogenicity, virulence, and their measurement are also discussed.
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