11 Questions
What is the primary cause of hydatidiform mole?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hydatidiform mole?
High protein intake
Which of the following is a typical sign or symptom of hydatidiform mole?
All of the above
Which of the following procedures is NOT used for the management of hydatidiform mole?
Chemotherapy
Which of the following statements about hydatidiform mole is correct?
It is often described as having a 'grape-like' appearance.
What is a notable characteristic of hydatidiform mole?
It is associated with typical signs of pregnancy, such as morning sickness and cravings.
What is the main purpose of providing support to a patient with a suspected hydatidiform mole?
To manage the patient's expectations about the pregnancy
Which of the following is a common risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?
All of the above
What is the primary purpose of using Methotrexate in the management of ectopic pregnancy?
To destroy the developing zygote and trophoblastic cells
What is the primary goal of using a cervical cerclage in the management of placenta previa?
To close the cervix to a few millimeters in diameter
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of incompetent cervix?
Premature dilation of the cervix
Study Notes
Hydatidiform Mole (H-Mole)
- Also known as molar pregnancy, abnormal tissue grows in the uterus instead of a normal embryo
- Risk factors: low protein intake, women >35 years of age, Asian women, blood type A married to blood type O
- Primary cause: abnormal proliferation of trophoblast tissue due to fertilization of a division defect or sperm fertilizing an empty egg
- Signs and symptoms: vaginal bleeding, high pregnancy hormones, swelling of the uterus, nausea and vomiting, no fetal heart tone (FHT), hypertension
- Management: dilatation and evacuation, dilatation and curettage, hysterectomy, assess abdominal girth, provide support, prophylactic chemotherapy, oxytocin, and methotrexate
- Diagnostics: pregnancy tests, urine test for HCG, ultrasound
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity
- Common sites: ovary, cervix, abdomen, fallopian tube (most common)
- Risk factors: previous infection, congenital malformation, uterine tumors, use of Intrauterine device (IUD), smoking, previous In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), history of ectopic pregnancy
- Signs and symptoms: vaginal bleeding, vaginal spotting, sharp, stabbing pain at the lower quadrant, sharp abdominal pain
- Diagnostics: pelvic ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Management: methotrexate, mifepristone, IV hydration, blood transfusion, laparoscopy, salpingectomy, flat on bed, monitor input and output, monitor vital signs
Incompetent Cervix
- Definition: cervical insufficiency or premature dilation of the cervix
- Risk factors: increased maternal age, congenital structural defects, trauma on cervix
- Pathophysiology: cervix dilates prematurely and cannot retain the fetus until term
- Emotional support, complete and total bedrest
Placenta Previa
- Definition: high-risk complication affecting the positioning of the placenta in relation to the cervix
- Signs and symptoms: pink tinged vaginal discharge, increased pelvic pressure, cervical dilatation
- Management: McDonald's cervical cerclage, Shirodkar cervical cerclage
- Risk factors: adhesions, multiple gestations, previous uterine surgery
Prepare for your midterms by reviewing topics like hydatidiform mole, ectopic pregnancy, incompetent cervix, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, hyperemesis gravidarum, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. This quiz covers definitions, symptoms, and characteristics of each condition.
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