MCN II Lecture: Ultimate Midterms Reviewer - Hydatidiform Mole and Pregnancy Complications

Study Notes

Hydatidiform Mole (H-Mole)

Also known as molar pregnancy, abnormal tissue grows in the uterus instead of a normal embryo
Risk factors: low protein intake, women >35 years of age, Asian women, blood type A married to blood type O
Primary cause: abnormal proliferation of trophoblast tissue due to fertilization of a division defect or sperm fertilizing an empty egg
Signs and symptoms: vaginal bleeding, high pregnancy hormones, swelling of the uterus, nausea and vomiting, no fetal heart tone (FHT), hypertension
Management: dilatation and evacuation, dilatation and curettage, hysterectomy, assess abdominal girth, provide support, prophylactic chemotherapy, oxytocin, and methotrexate
Diagnostics: pregnancy tests, urine test for HCG, ultrasound

Ectopic Pregnancy

Implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity
Common sites: ovary, cervix, abdomen, fallopian tube (most common)
Risk factors: previous infection, congenital malformation, uterine tumors, use of Intrauterine device (IUD), smoking, previous In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), history of ectopic pregnancy
Signs and symptoms: vaginal bleeding, vaginal spotting, sharp, stabbing pain at the lower quadrant, sharp abdominal pain
Diagnostics: pelvic ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Management: methotrexate, mifepristone, IV hydration, blood transfusion, laparoscopy, salpingectomy, flat on bed, monitor input and output, monitor vital signs

Incompetent Cervix

Definition: cervical insufficiency or premature dilation of the cervix
Risk factors: increased maternal age, congenital structural defects, trauma on cervix
Pathophysiology: cervix dilates prematurely and cannot retain the fetus until term
Emotional support, complete and total bedrest

Placenta Previa

Definition: high-risk complication affecting the positioning of the placenta in relation to the cervix
Signs and symptoms: pink tinged vaginal discharge, increased pelvic pressure, cervical dilatation
Management: McDonald's cervical cerclage, Shirodkar cervical cerclage
Risk factors: adhesions, multiple gestations, previous uterine surgery

Description

Prepare for your midterms by reviewing topics like hydatidiform mole, ectopic pregnancy, incompetent cervix, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, hyperemesis gravidarum, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. This quiz covers definitions, symptoms, and characteristics of each condition.