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MBBS103: Behaviour and Environment Quiz
38 Questions
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MBBS103: Behaviour and Environment Quiz

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@StableEpilogue

Questions and Answers

What is a key aspect of psychology in medicine that goes beyond common sense?

  • Diagnosis of symptoms
  • Development of treatment plans
  • Empirical testing of common-sense views (correct)
  • Adoption of the bio-psycho-social model

    • Which of the following is NOT a reason why psychology matters in medicine?

  • It helps in improving adherence to treatment
  • It helps in understanding common-sense views (correct)
  • It helps in diagnosis
  • It helps in negotiating treatment plans

    • What is a key outcome of adopting the bio-psychosocial model in medicine?

  • Development of health behaviour change theories
  • Understanding of symptom perception
  • Improvement in treatment plans
  • Integration of psychological, social and biological factors (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of health-related behaviour?

    <p>Symptom reporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of understanding psychological frameworks for understanding illness-related behaviours?

    <p>Enhanced health behaviour change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the science of behaviour in healthcare?

    <p>Understanding human cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between operant and classical conditioning?

    <p>Operant conditioning focuses on the consequences of behaviour, while classical conditioning focuses on the antecedents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a variable schedule of reinforcement on behaviour?

    <p>It strengthens the behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does reinforcement strengthen behaviour, while punishment only weakens it?

    <p>Reinforcement tells you what to do, while punishment only tells you what not to do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an application of operant conditioning in medicine and health?

    <p>Encouraging medication adherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antecedents in operant conditioning?

    <p>They trigger the behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the size of reinforcement on behaviour?

    <p>Larger reinforcements strengthen the behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between UCS and UCR in classical conditioning?

    <p>UCR is naturally occurring, while UCS is learned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the time duration between behaviour and consequence affect the behaviour?

    <p>A shorter time duration strengthens the behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way that behaviours are acquired according to social learning theory?

    <p>By observing and imitating significant others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a model's behaviour is imitated by an observer, according to Bandura's social learning theory?

    <p>The characteristics of the model being observed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the vicarious reinforcement study, what happened in Condition 1?

    <p>Children saw the model being rewarded by a second adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of social learning theory, according to the content?

    <p>It cannot explain complex behaviours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social learning theory, why might someone start smoking?

    <p>Because their peers are smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of social learning cited in the content?

    <p>Developing a phobia through social learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bandura's social learning theory, what type of models are more likely to influence an observer's behaviour?

    <p>Models with similar characteristics to the observer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind vicarious reinforcement, as demonstrated in the 1965 study?

    <p>We learn by observing others being punished or rewarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of learning is occurring when chemotherapy patients associate nausea with a novel drink?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the main difference between operant and classical conditioning?

    <p>One is based on association and the other is based on reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of classical and operant conditioning in understanding behaviour?

    <p>They ignore the role of cognitive and emotional processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the COM-B model?

    <p>Developing comprehensive and responsive theories of behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a health-related behaviour that can be understood through classical conditioning?

    <p>Anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the chapter by Ogden (2012) on addictive behaviours?

    <p>Applying classical and operant conditioning to health psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between habituation and instrumental learning?

    <p>One involves associative learning and the other involves reinforcement learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of understanding classical and operant conditioning in health psychology?

    <p>It helps develop evidence-based treatments for phobias and addictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of social learning theories?

    <p>They focus solely on automatic/unconscious responses to environmental cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the COM-B model designed to address?

    <p>The need for a more comprehensive and adaptive theory of behaviour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the COM-B framework, what is the role of psychological capacity?

    <p>It enables the formation of symbolic representations of situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of decision making is associated with the 'voluntary' aspect of motivation in the COM-B framework?

    <p>Conscious rational decision making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between classical conditioning and the COM-B framework?

    <p>Classical conditioning focuses on automatic responses, while the COM-B framework considers conscious processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antecedent factor in Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment?

    <p>The bell (whistle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reinforcement is illustrated by the gift voucher example?

    <p>Positive reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the COM-B framework over social learning theories?

    <p>It is more comprehensive and adaptive to different behaviours and contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genes, Behaviour, and Environment

    • The module focuses on the science of behavior, human cognition, health-related behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes
    • It also covers health behavior change, symptom perception, and psychological frameworks for understanding illness-related behaviors

    Operant Conditioning

    • Operant conditioning is a learning process in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences, such as reinforcement or punishment
    • Skinner's (1948) operant conditioning theory:
      • Reinforcement strengthens behavior
      • Punishment weakens behavior
      • Reinforcers differ across individuals (e.g., food, praise)
      • Time duration between behavior and consequence/reinforcement affects behavior strength
      • Size of reinforcement affects behavior strength
      • Patterns of reinforcement affect behavior (e.g., inconsistent reinforcement patterns make it harder to change habitual behavior)
    • Applications of operant conditioning in medicine and health:
      • Encouraging adaptive behaviors (e.g., medication adherence)
      • Understanding addiction

    Classical Conditioning

    • Classical conditioning is a learning process in which behavior is learned by association
    • Learning behavior by association:
      • Stimulus-response relationships
      • UCS (unconditioned stimulus) is naturally occurring and important for survival
      • UCR (unconditioned response) is innate and automatic
    • Pavlov's experiments:
      • Bell (whistle) acted as a conditioned stimulus
      • Pavlov's dogs learned to associate the sound of the bell with food

    Social Learning

    • Social learning theory: behaviors are acquired by observing significant others carrying them out
    • Observational learning:
      • Attention: observing the model
      • Retention: remembering the observed behavior
      • Reproduction: imitating the observed behavior
      • Motivation: having a reason to imitate the behavior
    • Vicarious reinforcement study (1965):
      • Children learned by observing others receiving reinforcement or punishment
    • Bandura's (1986) social learning theory:
      • We learn by observing others receiving reinforcement or punishment
      • Characteristics of the model influence whether the behavior is imitated
      • Models with similar characteristics to ourselves or whom we hold in high regard are more likely to influence our behavior

    COM-B Model

    • A comprehensive and adaptive theory of behavior that integrates psychological capacity, motivation, and opportunity
    • COM-B model:
      • Capability: psychological and physical capacity
      • Opportunity: factors outside the control of the individual (e.g., social environments)
      • Motivation: voluntary (conscious rational decision-making) and involuntary (habits, emotions, impulses)

    Quiz and Examples

    • Quick quiz 1: Pavlov's bell is an example of a conditioned stimulus
    • Quick quiz 2: Giving pregnant mothers gift vouchers for attending smoking cessation services is an example of operant conditioning
    • Quick quiz 3: Preventing anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy patients by associating the novel drink with the treatment is an example of classical conditioning

    Summary

    • Classical conditioning: learning by association
    • Operant conditioning: learning by reinforcement and punishment
    • Social learning: learning by observation and imitation
    • Limitations of these theories: ignoring cognitive and emotional processes
    • Solution: comprehensive and responsive theories like COM-B model

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the science of behaviour, human cognition, health-related behaviours, and psychological frameworks for understanding illness-related behaviours in this MBBS103 quiz.

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