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Questions and Answers

What is the total number of premolars in a dental arch?

  • Eight (correct)
  • Ten
  • Four
  • Six

    • Why are premolars also called bicuspids?

  • Because each of them has two surfaces
  • Because each of them has two lobes
  • Because each of them has two roots
  • Because each of them has two cusps (correct)

    • How many lobes does the lower second premolar develop from?

  • Four
  • Five (correct)
  • Three
  • Six

    • What is the function of the first premolars' sharp cusps?

    <p>To assist the canines in tearing of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the crowns and roots of premolars compare to those of canines?

    <p>They are shorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which plane are the marginal ridges of the premolars situated?

    <p>Horizontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature of the maxillary first premolar compared to the maxillary second premolar?

    <p>It is larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do posterior teeth differ from anterior teeth in terms of crown length?

    <p>They have shorter crowns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is the eruption of Maxillary First Premolar completed?

    <p>10-11 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Maxillary First Premolars have two roots?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the first evidence of calcification of Maxillary First Premolar occur?

    <p>1.5-2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the buccal surface of Maxillary First Premolar?

    <p>Roughly trapezoidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many root canals does the Maxillary First Premolar have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is the root of Maxillary First Premolar completed?

    <p>12-13 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>Two sharp cusps with the buccal cusp being longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the appearance of enamel organ of Maxillary First Premolar occur?

    <p>7 months IUL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the mesial outline of the crown from the cervical line to the mesial contact area?

    <p>Slightly concave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the maximum convexity of the lingual surface located?

    <p>At the middle third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the distal outline of the crown from the cervical line to the distal contact area?

    <p>Straight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the root of the tooth?

    <p>Slender and conical with a pointed apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the mesial and distal slopes of the lingual cusp?

    <p>They meet at a 90˚ angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the mesial surface of the crown?

    <p>Trapezoidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inclination of the apical third of the root?

    <p>Distal inclination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many developmental depressions are present on the buccal surface?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the occlusal surface of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>Hexagonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cervical line of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>It is almost straight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the bifurcation of the root of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>Near the apical third of the root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the pulp chamber in the bucco-lingual section of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>Wider buccolingually than mesiodistally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is the crown of the maxillary second premolar completed?

    <p>6-7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the triangular ridges of the buccal and lingual cusps of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>The triangular ridge of the buccal cusp is more prominent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the crown of the maxillary second premolar?

    <p>Rounded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is the root of the maxillary second premolar completed?

    <p>13-15 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal surface of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>Rounded or oval with a short central developmental groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the pulp chamber in the mesiodistal section of the maxillary second premolar?

    <p>Narrow and tapering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the root of the maxillary first premolar?

    <p>Single tapered root with a shallow developmental groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the supplemental grooves on the occlusal surface of the maxillary second premolar?

    <p>They are multiple and radiate from the central groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the occlusal surface of the maxillary second premolar?

    <p>Wider buccolingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the pulp chamber in the buccolingual section of the maxillary second premolar?

    <p>Rather wide buccolingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    General Features of Premolars

    • There are eight premolars, four in each dental arch, two in each quadrant.
    • Premolars are situated between canines and first molars.
    • They are called bicuspids because each has two cusps.
    • Premolars develop from four lobes (3 buccally and 1 lingually), except for the lower second premolar which has three cusps and develops from five lobes.

    Marginal Ridges

    • Marginal ridges of premolars are in a horizontal plane, related to the occlusal surface of the crown.
    • In maxillary premolars, the first premolar is larger than the second premolar.
    • In mandibular premolars, the first premolar is smaller than the second premolar.

    Posterior Teeth vs. Anterior Teeth

    • Posterior teeth have greater buccolingual dimension.
    • Crowns of posterior teeth are shorter cervico-occlusally.
    • They have larger contact areas which are nearly at the same level.
    • They have less curvature of the cervical line from all aspects.

    Maxillary First Premolar

    • Chronology:
      • Appearance of enamel organ: 7 months IUL
      • First evidence of calcification: 1 1/2-1 3/4 years
      • Crown completed: 5-6 years
      • Eruption: 10-11 years
      • Root completed: 13 years
    • The maxillary first premolar has two sharp, well-developed cusps.
    • About 80% have two roots (one buccal and one lingual) and 20% have one root.
    • Whether double or single rooted, the maxillary first premolar has two root canals.

    Morphology of Maxillary First Premolar

    • Buccal surface:
      • Roughly trapezoidal with the short side cervically and the long side occlusally.
      • Convex with maximum convexity at the cervical third.
      • Mesial slope of the buccal cusp is longer than the distal slope.
    • Lingual surface:
      • Narrower than the buccal surface.
      • Lingual cusp is shorter than the buccal cusp with a pointed tip.
      • Maximum convexity is located at the middle third.
    • Mesial surface:
      • Trapezoidal in shape with the short side occlusally and the long side cervically.
      • Convex from the cervical line to the tip of the buccal cusp.
    • Distal surface:
      • Cervical line is nearly straight.
      • Bifurcation is near the apical third of the root.
    • Occlusal surface:
      • Hexagonal in shape.
      • Central developmental groove divides the occlusal surface evenly buccolingually.

    Pulp Cavity of Maxillary First Premolar

    • Mesiodistal section: narrow pulp chamber and narrow root canal.
    • Buccolingual section: pulp chamber is wider buccolingually with two pulp horns, the buccal one being usually longer.
    • In mid-root cross section: two canals appear rounded and constricted, with the lingual one slightly larger.

    Maxillary Second Premolar

    • Chronology:
      • Appearance of enamel organ: 8 months IUL
      • First evidence of calcification: 2-2 1/4 years
      • Crown completed: 6-7 years
      • Eruption: 10-12 years
      • Root completed: 13-15 years
    • The maxillary second premolar resembles the maxillary first premolar but is smaller in size.
    • The crown is rounded from all aspects, with no developmental groove crossing the mesial marginal ridge.
    • Occlusal surface is rounded or oval with a short central developmental groove and multiple supplemental grooves.

    Pulp Cavity of Maxillary Second Premolar

    • Mesiodistal section: narrow pulp chamber that extends apical to the cervical line, then becomes constricted and tapers as a root canal to the apex of the root.
    • Buccolingual section: pulp chamber and root canal are rather wide buccolingually.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the general features of premolars, including their number, location, and development. It also touches on their relation to canines and molars.

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