16 Questions
Which nerve does the V2 give off when entering into the PPF?
Zygomatic nerve
What is the function of the mucosal branches of the PSAN?
Distribute to the mucosa of the upper vestibular sulcus
Which nerve courses above the zygomatic nerve in the orbit?
Lacrimal nerve
What is the function of the dentosinusal branches of the PSAN?
Innervate the upper molars and parodontium
What is the pathway of the zygomatic nerve after exiting the zygomatic canal?
Gives off sensory branches to the skin in the zygomatic region and the skin of the temple
What is the function of the anastomosis between the lacrimal and zygomatic nerves?
To allow postganglionic parasympathetic fibres of the PPG to reach the lacrimal gland
What is the origin of the lacrimal nerve?
V1
Where do the dentosinusal branches of the PSAN extend to?
Lateral antral canal and Wood Jones’ canalis sinuosus
What is the branch of the maxillary nerve that gives off a meningeal branch before exiting through the foramen rotundum?
V2
What is the function of the pterygopalatine nerves in the pterygopalatine fossa?
They are sensory nerves that carry sensory fibres
Which branch of the PPG courses through the palatovaginal canal to distribute in the nasopharyngeal mucosa?
Pharyngeal branch
What is the name of the nerve that descends on the septum as a branch of the posterior-superior-medial nasal branch?
Scarpa's nasopalatine nerve
Which of the following nerves courses with the lesser palatine arteries through the lesser palatine canals and foramina?
Lesser palatine nerve
What is the distribution of the greater palatine nerve?
It is distributed to the mucosa of the hard palate up to the level of the upper canine
What is the location of the orbital branch of the PPG?
It is distributed to the orbital apex and orbits the periosteum and ethmoid air cells
What is the name of the canal through which the greater palatine nerve descends?
Greater palatine canal
Study Notes
Maxillary Nerve (V2) Territory
- Before exiting through the foramen rotundum, V2 gives off a meningeal branch.
- In the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), V2 is united to the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) by pterygopalatine nerves, which are sensory nerves.
Pterygopalatine Ganglion (PPG) Branches
- Pharyngeal branch of the PPG courses through the palatovaginal canal to distribute in the nasopharyngeal mucosa.
- Orbital branches of the PPG ascend into the orbital apex and are distributed to the orbital periosteum and ethmoid air cells.
- Posterior-superior nasal branches of the PPG enter the nasal fossa through the sphenopalatine foramen and are divided into:
- Postero-superior-lateral nasal branches (PSL) for the mucosa in the posterior part of the lateral nasal wall.
- Postero-superior-medial nasal branches (PSM) for the postero-superior mucosa on the nasal septum.
- One of the PSM branches descends on the septum as Scarpa's nasopalatine nerve (NPN), which will continue through the nasopalatine canal to innervate the hard palate's anterior mucosa at the upper incisors and canine level.
Palatine Nerves
- Lesser palatine nerves course with the lesser palatine arteries through the lesser palatine canals and foramina to distribute sensory fibers to the mucosa of the soft palate.
- Greater palatine nerve descends into the greater palatine canal and foramen and continues beneath the mucosa of the posterior hard palate, distributing to the mucosa on the palatal vault up to the level of the upper canine.
Other Branches of V2
- Zygomatic nerve: emerges from the PPF, courses on the lateral wall of the orbit, and enters the zygomatic canal into the zygomatic bone. It gives sensory branches to the skin in the zygomatic region and the skin of the temple (anterior skin of the temporal region).
- Posterior superior alveolar nerves (PSAN): emerge above the tuberosity of the maxilla, descend and branch on the tuberosity, and distribute to:
- Mucosa of the upper vestibular sulcus at the level of the posterior teeth.
- Maxillary sinus mucosa through dentosinusal branches.
- Upper molars and parodontium through dentosinusal branches.
- Upper premolars and anterior teeth through the lateral antral canal and Wood Jones' canalis sinuosus.
This quiz covers the territory of the maxillary nerve, including its branches and pathways in the pterygopalatine fossa and nasopharynx.
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