Max Weber's Bureaucracy Theory Quiz

Max Weber's Life and Contributions

• Max Weber (1864-1920) was a German lawyer, politician, historian, political economist, and sociologist.
• He was the first administrative thinker to study the interrelationship between state and society.
• Weber understood the significance of power, authority, and legitimacy.

Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy

• Based on legal-rational authority.
• Basic features of his theory:
  • Hierarchy: a well-defined hierarchy with clear authority and division of labor.
  • Division of Labor: functional specialization with each employee having a well-defined power and authority based on expertise.
  • Consistency: a framework of fixed rules and regulations that regulate all matters.
  • Qualification: employees should be properly and scientifically selected to ensure efficiency.

Key Features of Bureaucracy

• Division of Labor: produces specialization, increases efficiency.
• Impersonal Orientation: decisions are based on facts, not feelings.
• Hierarchy of Authority: a system of superordination and subordination to guarantee compliance and discipline.
• Rules and Regulations: ensures uniformity of behavior among employees.
• Career Orientation: promotion of loyal employees based on seniority and achievement.
• Efficiency: bureaucracy maximizes expertise, rational decisions, and administrative efficiency.

Critique of Weber's Model

• Dysfunctional aspects are not considered.
• Informal organization is neglected.
• Dual structure of bureaucratic model.
• Feminist critique: bureaucracies promote male values at the expense of female ones.

Dysfunctional Features of Bureaucracy

• Expertise: division of labor leads to boredom.
• Rationality: impersonal orientation leads to lack of morale.
• Compliance and Coordination: hierarchy of authority leads to communication blocks.
• Rules and Regulations: can lead to rigidity and goal displacement.

Guides for Developing and Using Rules

• Recognize exceptions to most rules.
• Suspend rules when they don't work.
• Avoid rules that encourage mindlessness.
• Develop rules that support mindfulness.
• Eliminate unnecessary rules.
• Create rules that enable positive outcomes.
• Beware of rules that create dependence.
• Invent rules that encourage a playful approach.
• Change rules if they set bad precedents.

Informal Organization (Shadow Organization)

• Spontaneous development of social structure and culture within a formal organization.
• Develops through personal relations, division into cliques, social norms, informal roles, informal communication, protection of members, outlet for frustration, and perpetuation of cultural values.

Dual Structure of the Bureaucratic Model

• Conflict between expertise-based and rules-based administration.

Feminist Critique

• Bureaucracies promote male values (hierarchy, impersonality, independence, competition, rationality) over female values (equality, personalization, interdependence, cooperation, emotionality).