Maturity and Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
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Questions and Answers

What does maturity refer to in psychology?

  • The accumulation of knowledge over time.
  • The physical growth of an individual.
  • The state of being old and wise.
  • The ability to deal effectively and resiliently with experience. (correct)

What is maturity built by?

  • Attitude
  • Age
  • Experience (correct)
  • Knowledge

What should responsible decisions be based on?

  • Popular opinion
  • Immediate gratification
  • Personal feelings
  • Social morals, ethics, and safety (correct)

What does the responsible decision-making model start with?

<p>Identifying the problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a principle of ethics?

<p>Autonomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the barriers to decision making?

<p>Stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virtue developed during the Infancy stage, according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?

<p>Hope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson, which psychosocial crisis occurs during the ages of 13-21 years?

<p>Identity vs Confusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of making responsible decisions?

<p>Awareness of impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Beneficence?

<p>One ought to prevent and remove evil or harm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does implementation failures mean?

<p>Reasons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the responsible decision-making model, what is the step after identifying the problem?

<p>Analyze the situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of ethics involves treating others equally and fairly?

<p>Justice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can too much stress lead to?

<p>Flawed behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Groupthink' defined as:

<p>&quot;approaching issues as matters to be dealt with by consensus, rather than by individuals acting independently.&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the virtue developed from integrity vs despair?

<p>Wisdom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the learning activity described?

<p>Ethical issues in nursing practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a student submits the learning assignment late, what is the penalty?

<p>Minus 3 points per day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Within the context of making responsible decisions, what does 'social morals' refer to?

<p>Societal standards of right and wrong (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does 'Nonmaleficence' most closely relate to?

<p>Avoiding harm and infliction of evil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential outcomes of prioritizing values over feelings?

<p>More maturity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Erikson's stage of 'Industry vs. Inferiority' most commonly occurs during which period?

<p>School age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between maturity and age according to the quotes provided?

<p>Maturity is not directly determined by age. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be a negative consequence of 'groupthink' when making decisions?

<p>Team members are hesitant to express dissenting opinions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task aligns with Autonomy?

<p>People's right to make choices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is maturity learning to do?

<p>gracefully accept the things you cannot change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can threaten peace of mind, self-respect, values, and self-worth?

<p>People (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following helps save time and energy??

<p>Not caring about winning trivial arguments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of act of maturity?

<p>Caring – about people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between stress and good decision-making?

<p>Moderate level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Maturity (in Psychology)

Ability to deal effectively and resiliently with experience and perform satisfactorily in developmental tasks characteristic of one's age level.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage; developing trust depends on the reliability of caregivers.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

Focus is on developing a sense of personal control.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and social interaction.

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Industry vs. Inferiority

Children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments.

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Identity vs. Confusion

Adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity.

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Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young adults seek intimate, loving relationships.

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Generativity vs. Stagnation

Adults create or nurture things that will outlast them.

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Integrity vs. Despair

Older adults look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment.

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Responsible decisions

The ability to make choices affecting oneself positively.

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Ethical Decision-Making

Based on social morals, ethics, and safety.

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Impact Awareness

Awareness of effects on oneself, goals, relationships and others.

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Community Benefit

Making responsible choices benefiting self and community.

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Decision-Making Model

Identify, analyze, brainstorm, consider and reflect.

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Autonomy (ethics)

Acknowledge the right of individuals to make choices based on their values and beliefs.

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Beneficence (ethics)

Prevent or remove evil; do promote good.

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Nonmaleficence (ethics)

Do no harm or inflict evil.

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Justice (ethics)

Treat everyone equally and fairly.

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Stress

Excessive stress can narrow creative thinking and lead to flawed decisions.

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Information Overload

Too much unrelated information.

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Groupthink

Consensus seeking limits creativity and novel problem-solving.

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Preparedness

Unfamiliarity increases stress & need for change.

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Implementation Failure

Lack of motivation, skills, understanding, or resources cause failures.

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Study Notes

Maturity in Psychology

  • Maturity is the ability to deal effectively and resiliently with experience.
  • Maturity involves performing satisfactorily in developmental tasks.
  • These tasks include biological, social, and cognitive aspects characteristic of one's age level.

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

  • Infant to 18 months: Crisis is Trust vs. Mistrust; Virtue is Hope.
  • 18 months to 3 years: Crisis is Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt; Virtue is Will.
  • 3-5 years: Crisis is Initiative vs. Guilt; Virtue is Purpose.
  • 5-13 years: Crisis is Industry vs. Inferiority; Virtue is Competency.
  • 13-21 years: Crisis is Identity vs. Confusion; Virtue is Fidelity.
  • 21-39 years: Crisis is Intimacy vs. Isolation; Virtue is Love.
  • 40-65 years: Crisis is Generativity vs. Stagnation; Virtue is Care.
  • 65 and older: Crisis is Integrity vs. Despair; Virtue is Wisdom.

Key Insights on Maturity

  • Self-knowledge is the initial step toward maturity.
  • Maturity is an attitude shaped by experience, not just age.
  • Maturity involves thinking, speaking, and acting with dignity.
  • Maturity is learning to accept what you cannot change while courageously changing what you can.
  • Understanding silence, rather than just speaking, signifies maturity.
  • Avoiding petty arguments saves significant time and energy.
  • Maturity includes walking away from situations and people that threaten one's peace, self-respect, values, and self-worth.
  • Consistency and maturity are essential for success.
  • Prioritizing values over feelings demonstrates maturity.
  • Realizing self-improvement is more important than seeking validation.
  • Maturity involves accepting life with its inherent tensions.
  • Caring about people, things, and life is an act of maturity.

Making Responsible Decisions

  • Involves the ability to make choices that positively affect the person physically, intellectually, socially, and emotionally.
  • Is based on social morals, ethics, and safety.
  • Requires awareness of the impact of one's choice on oneself, goals, relationships, and others.
  • Benefits both the individual and the community.

The Responsible Decision-Making Model

  • Identify the problem.
  • Analyze the situation.
  • Brainstorm solutions and resolve the issue.
  • Consider ethical responsibility.
  • Evaluate and reflect.

Principles of Ethics

  • Autonomy: Acknowledge people's right to make choices for themselves based on their own values and beliefs.
  • Beneficence: Act to prevent and remove harm, do and promote good.
  • Nonmaleficence: Do no harm; avoid thwarting, defeating, or setting back someone’s interests.
  • Justice: Treat others equally and fairly.

Barriers to Decision Making

  • Stress: High levels of stress during crises can impair decision-making.
  • Information Overload: Can reduce the number of individuals involved in the decision-making process.
  • Groupthink: Occurs when consensus is prioritized over independent thought, which hinders creativity and novel problem-solving.
  • Preparedness: Unfamiliar events lead to a greater requirement for change and increased stress.
  • Implementation Failures: Lack of motivation, skills, understanding, or resources can cause implementation failures.

Learning Activity: Right Perspective

  • Interview a registered nurse about an ethical issue prevalent in nursing practice.
  • Analyze the ethical issue using a responsible decision-making process.
  • Evaluate and reflect on the process of dealing with the ethical issue.

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Description

Explore maturity as the ability to deal with experience effectively and resiliently. Learn about Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, including the crises and virtues associated with each stage from infancy to old age. Understand the importance of self-knowledge as the initial step toward maturity.

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