Matter in Our Surroundings

Matter

They occupy space and have mass

Panch Tatva

<p>Chemical nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter is continuous; matter is made up of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical properties and chemical nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demonstrate that matter is made up of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They get into the spaces between particles of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilogram (kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1L = 1 dm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The level of water does not change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demonstrate the small size of particles of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inference that can be drawn is that matter is made up of particles, which can fit into the spaces between particles of another substance, thus not changing the overall volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying concept is that matter is made up of particles that can occupy the spaces between particles of another substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The significance is that it provides a standardized unit of measurement, allowing for accurate and consistent results in scientific experiments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of particles of matter explains the phenomenon of dissolution by suggesting that the particles of the dissolved substance (salt or sugar) occupy the spaces between the particles of the solvent (water), resulting in a homogeneous mixture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assumption is that matter is made up of particles that can interact with each other and occupy spaces between particles of another substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particle nature of matter implies that the volume of a substance remains constant when it is dissolved in another substance, as the particles of the dissolved substance occupy the spaces between particles of the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One school of thought believed matter to be continuous, like a block of wood, whereas the other thought that matter was made up of particles, like sand. The current understanding is that matter is made up of particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five basic elements of ancient Indian philosophers are air, earth, fire, sky, and water, and they believed everything was made up of these elements. This classification differs from modern scientific understanding, which classifies matter based on physical properties and chemical nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter occupies space and has mass because it is made up of particles that have volume and mass. This relationship is fundamental to the physical nature of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of matter based on physical properties is significant because it helps us understand the physical nature of matter, and it is distinct from the chemical nature of matter, which will be explored in subsequent chapters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The understanding of matter as being made up of particles helps us understand the physical nature of the world around us, from the air we breathe to the food we eat and the stars in the sky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The historical development of the understanding of matter, from ancient Indian philosophers to modern scientific understanding, has been influential in shaping our current understanding of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ancient Indian philosophers classified matter into five basic elements - air, earth, fire, sky and water, whereas modern scientific understanding classifies matter based on its physical properties and chemical nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains various phenomena like dissolution, where substances seem to vanish yet occupy space and have mass, and helps us understand the physical world around us.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps us understand and differentiate between various forms of matter based on their characteristics, such as mass and volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying assumption is that matter is made up of particles and occupies space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of matter being made up of particles helps explain how substances occupy space and have volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has influenced our current understanding of matter, with modern scientists evolving two types of classification of matter based on physical properties and chemical nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept that matter is made up of particles, which spread throughout the water when dissolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of salt or sugar spread throughout the water, occupying the spaces between the particles of water, without changing the overall volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It explains how the particles of the dissolved substance spread throughout the solvent, without changing the overall volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps us understand various natural phenomena, such as dissolution, and how substances interact with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of a substance occupy space, and the volume of a substance is a measure of the amount of space occupied by its particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary objective is to demonstrate that matter is made up of particles, which explains various natural phenomena, including dissolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One school believed matter to be continuous like a block of wood, whereas the other thought that matter was made up of particles like sand. This difference impacts our understanding of matter as it influences our perception of matter's composition and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of matter based on physical properties supports the concept that matter is made up of particles as it highlights the characteristics of matter that arise from its particle nature. This classification has implications for understanding the behavior of matter in different conditions and its interactions with other substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept that matter occupies space and has mass is significant as it is a fundamental characteristic of matter. This concept relates to the particle nature of matter as it arises from the arrangement and behavior of particles that make up matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ancient Indian philosophers' classification of matter into five basic elements (Panch Tatva) differs from modern scientific understanding as it is based on a limited and primitive understanding of matter. This difference has implications for our understanding of the nature of matter and its composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physical properties of matter are closely related to its chemical nature, as they are influenced by the arrangement and behavior of particles that make up matter. This relationship influences our understanding of matter as it highlights the complex and interconnected nature of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The understanding of matter as being made up of particles influences our understanding of the world around us as it provides a fundamental framework for understanding the behavior and interactions of substances. This understanding has implications for various fields, including science, technology, and engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature of matter is particulate, and the particles of matter are able to occupy the spaces between other particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of particles of matter is necessary to understand how salt or sugar can dissolve in water without changing the level of water, as the particles of salt or sugar occupy the spaces between the particles of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The understanding of matter as being made up of particles explains why the level of water does not change when salt or sugar is dissolved, as the particles of the solute occupy the spaces between the particles of the solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying assumption is that matter is made up of small particles that can occupy spaces between other particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of particles of matter explains that the particles of salt or sugar are able to spread throughout the water because they can occupy the spaces between the particles of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of the SI unit of volume (litre) provides a standardized and precise way of measuring the volume of water, allowing for accurate observations and comparisons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colour of the solution becomes lighter, but it is still visible even after repeated dilution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smell of the incense stick can only be detected when you are close to it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smell of the incense stick can be detected even when you are sitting at a distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter are very small and are continually moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the particles of matter are very small and are continually moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows that there is enough space between particles of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ink drop remains at the surface of the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colour of the crystal spreads slowly upwards from the crystal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the particles of solid and liquid have space between them and are in continuous motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, the rate of mixing increases with temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have space between them and are in continuous motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colour of the solution becomes lighter but remains visible, even after several dilutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smell of Dettol can be detected even after repeated dilutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of sugar or salt spread throughout the water because they have space between them and can occupy the spaces between the water particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter are very small, continuously moving, and can occupy space between other particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smell of the incense can only be detected when you are close to it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter are very small, continuously moving, and can occupy space between other particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows that there is enough space between particles of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colour of ink spreads slowly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It takes several hours or days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A colourful solution forms around the crystal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The colour spreads throughout the water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, the rate of mixing is faster in hot water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of potassium permanganate are very small, with millions of tiny particles present in just one crystal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smell of the incense stick can be detected even from a distance when it is lit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment shows that particles of matter are very small and can divide into even smaller particles, and that they can spread evenly throughout a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of the incense stick are able to move and spread throughout the air, allowing the smell to be detected from a close distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter are extremely small and can divide into even smaller particles that can spread evenly throughout a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that the particles of salt or sugar are able to fit into the spaces between the particles of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To observe how particles of one substance can occupy the spaces between particles of another substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That particles of solid and liquid have spaces between them and can intermingle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of mixing increases with temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter is composed of particles that have spaces between them and can occupy the spaces between other particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That particles of one substance can occupy the spaces between particles of another substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps us understand the behaviour of matter in various situations, such as dissolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary mechanism is the ability of particles to move freely and occupy the space between other particles, which is a characteristic of particles of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of solid and liquid are in continuous motion, even when the mixture appears to be at rest, and the rate of mixing is affected by temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observations demonstrate that particles of matter have space between them, allowing particles of one substance to move into the spaces between particles of another substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept explains various phenomena, such as the ability of substances to mix, dissolve, and change state, and is essential to understanding the world around us.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The activities demonstrate that particles of matter occupy space and have mass by showing that substances can mix and change state without losing their volume or mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying concept is the kinetic molecular theory, which states that particles of matter are in continuous motion and have space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows that particles of matter are extremely small and can divide into even smaller particles, with millions of tiny particles present in just one crystal of potassium permanganate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows that particles of matter are in continuous motion, as the smell of the incense stick can be detected at a distance even before it is lit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles are extremely small, as a tiny amount of potassium permanganate can colour a large volume of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have space between them, as demonstrated by the even distribution of particles in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matter is composed of extremely small particles that are in continuous motion and have space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of solid and liquid are able to mix and spread evenly, suggesting that they have space between them and are in continuous motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment shows that even a few crystals of potassium permanganate can colour a large volume of water, indicating that there are millions of tiny particles in just one crystal, which keep dividing themselves into smaller and smaller particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The repeated dilution of the solutions suggests that particles of matter are very small and can be divided into even smaller parts, which is evident from the fact that the colour and smell of the solutions are still detectable even after repeated dilution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The incense stick experiment demonstrates that particles of matter are in continuous motion, which is evident from the fact that the smell of the incense stick can be detected even at a distance when it is lit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation suggests that the particles of matter are extremely small and numerous, and can be divided into smaller parts, which is evident from the fact that the colour of the solution is still visible even after repeated dilution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment suggests that particles of matter are in continuous motion, which is evident from the fact that the smell of the incense stick can be detected even at a distance when it is lit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying concept is that particles of matter are extremely small and numerous, and can be divided into smaller parts, which allows the solution to remain coloured even after repeated dilution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter have spaces between them and are in constant motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of solid and liquid have space between them and are in constant motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have space between them and are in constant motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of solid and liquid have space between them and are in constant motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of solid and liquid have space between them and are in constant motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have space between them and are in constant motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the force of attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chair, air, almonds, lemon water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the particles of the smell are moving faster and spreading out</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of matter to occupy space and have mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are held together by a force of attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the particles of the substance are moving and spreading out to occupy the spaces between the particles of the other substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kinetic energy of particles increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion is the intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own, and it becomes faster when heated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have a force acting between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion occurs, and the particles intermix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of the force acting between the particles of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of the strength of the force acting between the particles (hands, arms, or fingers) holding each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kinetic energy of particles increases as the temperature rises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have force acting between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force acting between the particles of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the temperature increases, particles move faster and hence diffusion becomes faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force of attraction between particles of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chair, air, almonds, lemon water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of the property of matter that particles can occupy space and have mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles mix and spread out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the particles of hot sizzling food are moving rapidly and spreading out, while the particles of cold food are moving slowly and staying close together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They occupy space and have mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary reason behind the intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is the kinetic energy of particles, which increases with temperature, allowing particles to move faster and get into the spaces between particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force acting between particles is responsible for the particles of matter intermixing and holding together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the temperature rises, the kinetic energy of particles also increases, causing particles to move faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter have a force acting between them, which allows them to hold together and resist breaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The surface of water remains together due to the force acting between particles of water, which holds them together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of particles of matter is significant in understanding the phenomenon of diffusion because it explains how particles intermix and move faster with increased temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying force that holds the particles of matter together is the intermolecular force of attraction. The strength of this force varies from one kind of matter to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of hot sizzling food have more kinetic energy, allowing them to spread faster and farther, reaching you from a distance. In contrast, the particles of cold food have less kinetic energy, limiting their spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation demonstrates the property of fluidity or the ability of matter to flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter are attracted to each other, have kinetic energy that increases with temperature, and can flow and change shape (in the case of fluids).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter gain kinetic energy and move faster when heated, revealing that they have the ability to absorb and respond to energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter occupy space and have volume, and their movement and arrangement affect the overall volume of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles move faster as the temperature rises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles gain energy and move faster, allowing them to intermix more quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have force acting between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force acting between particles of water holds it together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter have force acting between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary force responsible for holding particles of matter together is the force of attraction, and its strength varies among different kinds of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The human chain activity relates to the concept of particles of matter by demonstrating how particles can be attracted to each other, and it suggests that the force acting between particles is strong enough to hold them together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation suggests that particles of matter are in constant motion and can spread out over a larger distance when heated, allowing the smell to reach farther.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of a diver to cut through water demonstrates that particles of matter have space between them and can be displaced by an object, showing that matter is made up of particles with spaces between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiments and activities suggest that particles of matter are in constant motion, have space between them, and are attracted to each other, demonstrating that matter is made up of particles with these characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation suggests that particles of matter can mix and intermingle with each other, but the total amount of matter remains the same, demonstrating the concept of volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in kinetic energy of particles as the temperature rises is due to the increase in the speed of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force acting between particles of matter is strong enough to hold them together</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter intermix on their own with each other due to their kinetic energy and the spaces between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation that particles of matter intermix on their own with each other suggests that particles of different substances can mix and form a homogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of particles of matter explains diffusion by suggesting that particles of different substances can move and get into the spaces between each other, resulting in intermixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kinetic energy of particles increases with an increase in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force that holds the particles of matter together is the force of attraction, and its strength varies from one kind of matter to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of hot sizzling food are moving rapidly and are able to travel longer distances, whereas the particles of cold food are moving slowly and are unable to travel as far.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The characteristic of particles of matter demonstrated by the diver's ability to cut through water is that they have space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The repeated dilution experiment demonstrates that matter is composed of tiny particles that can be dispersed and still maintain their properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary mechanism is the kinetic energy of the particles, which allows them to move and spread out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of matter occupy space and have volume, and the volume of a substance is related to the arrangement of its particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>solid, liquid and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>definite shape, distinct boundaries, fixed volume, and negligible compressibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>because they have a definite shape and distinct boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a solid has a fixed volume and cannot be compressed, while a sponge can be compressed because it has minute holes with trapped air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it helps us understand the characteristics of matter around us</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids are rigid and maintain their shape, whereas liquids take the shape of their container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are solids because they return to their original shape when the force is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquids have no fixed shape but have a fixed volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liquid flows easily and takes the shape of the new container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They diffuse and dissolve in water, making them available for aquatic life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substance must be in a liquid or gaseous state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids are rigid and difficult to change their shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquids are not rigid and take up the shape of the container they are kept in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>solid, liquid, and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids are rigid and maintain their shape, whereas liquids are not rigid and take up the shape of their container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>definite shape, distinct boundaries, and fixed volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liquid flows easily and takes up the shape of the new container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, are essential for the survival of aquatic animals and plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it does not change its volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it helps us understand the different states of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids can be compressed, but they regain their shape when the force is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it maintains its shape or breaks if excessive force is applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>due to the characteristics of their particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquids have no fixed shape but have a fixed volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they regain their original shape when the force is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are essential for the survival of aquatic animals and plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It flows easily and takes the shape of the new container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are rigid but can change shape under force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because they take up the shape of the container in which they are kept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a definite shape, distinct boundaries and a fixed volume, with negligible compressibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shape of the solid is maintained, but it can be broken or deformed if excessive force is applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid, liquid, and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter occupy space and have mass, and can be compressed to expel trapped air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a definite shape, distinct boundaries and a fixed volume, with negligible compressibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles of matter occupy space, have mass, and can be compressed or deformed, but maintain their shape when subjected to outside force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental characteristic is that solids are rigid and maintain their shape, while liquids take the shape of their container. Solids like rubber bands, sugar, and salt can change shape under force, but they regain their original shape when the force is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiments demonstrate that liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and this implies that particles in liquids are able to flow and change shape easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion is the intermixing of particles of two different types of matter, and it suggests that particles of matter are able to mix and spread out. The experiments with gases in water demonstrate this process and highlight the importance of diffusion for the survival of aquatic animals and plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiments demonstrate that all three states of matter occupy space and have mass, and this implies that particles of matter have mass and occupy space. This concept is fundamental in understanding the nature of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification of matter based on physical properties is related to the chemical nature of matter, as the physical properties are determined by the chemical composition of matter. The experiments illustrate this relationship by demonstrating how the physical properties of matter are influenced by its chemical composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The implications are that matter can change its state depending on the conditions, and the experiments demonstrate this concept by showing how solids can change shape, liquids can flow, and gases can diffuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to outside force due to their negligible compressibility, which means they cannot be compressed into a smaller volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a definite shape and fixed volume, whereas liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. This difference is due to the arrangement of particles in solids, which are closely packed and have strong attractive forces, whereas particles in liquids are more spaced out and have weaker attractive forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas, which arise due to the variation in the characteristics of particles, such as their arrangement, movement, and attractive forces. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape, and gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minute holes in a sponge allow it to compress because air is trapped in these holes, and when pressure is applied, the air is expelled, enabling the sponge to compress. This phenomenon reveals that the particles in the sponge are not closely packed, allowing for the presence of air pockets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying reason behind the ability of solids to maintain their shape is the strong attractive forces between their particles, which are closely packed and have a fixed arrangement. This arrangement and movement of particles enable solids to resist changes in shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The characteristics of particles in solids, liquids, and gases, such as their arrangement, movement, and attractive forces, influence the properties of these three states of matter. These characteristics are responsible for the differences in shape, volume, and compressibility between solids, liquids, and gases, and are essential to understanding various natural phenomena and everyday experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a fixed shape, distinct boundaries, and a fixed volume, which is due to the negligible compressibility of their particles. This characteristic enables them to maintain their shape when subjected to outside forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of a solid respond to changes in temperature or pressure by maintaining their arrangement and shape, but with slight changes in their vibration or oscillation. This response is significant in understanding the properties of solids, such as their rigidity and fixed volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental difference between the behavior of particles in a solid and a liquid is the arrangement and movement of particles. In a solid, particles are closely packed and have a fixed arrangement, while in a liquid, particles are close together but have some freedom of movement. This difference influences the properties of these two states of matter, such as shape, volume, and compressibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiments with sugar and salt crystals illustrate the properties of solids, such as their fixed shape and volume, and demonstrate that the particles of a solid maintain their arrangement even when subjected to external forces. These experiments reveal that the particles of a solid are closely packed and have a fixed arrangement, which is responsible for their rigidity and fixed volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation that a sponge can be compressed is significant because it reveals that the particles of a solid can be compressed, but only to a certain extent. This observation relates to the properties of solids and liquids, as it highlights the difference between the compressibility of solids and liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The properties of solids, liquids, and gases arise from the characteristics of their particles, such as their arrangement, movement, and interaction. Solids have a fixed shape and volume due to the closely packed and fixed arrangement of their particles, while liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container due to the close but movable arrangement of their particles. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume due to the freely moving and widely spaced arrangement of their particles. This understanding has implications for our daily lives, as it influences our understanding of the behavior of materials and their applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids maintain their shape due to the rigid arrangement of their particles. Rubber bands, sugar, and salt exhibit this characteristic despite being able to change shape under force, as they regain their original shape when the force is removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a fixed shape and volume, whereas liquids take the shape of their container and have a fixed volume. Solids have a rigid arrangement of particles, whereas liquids have particles that can flow and change shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases diffuse into liquids, and oxygen and carbon dioxide are essential for the survival of aquatic animals and plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shape of a substance can change, but its volume remains constant. Liquids take the shape of their container, demonstrating that their volume remains constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment shows that liquids take the shape of their container and have a fixed volume, demonstrating their fluidity and non-rigidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The arrangement of particles is the underlying characteristic that allows solids, liquids, and gases to exhibit distinct properties, such as shape and volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the high speed of particles and large space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The force exerted by gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high speed of particles and large space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motion of the particles can be seen and compared in the three states of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the high speed of particles and large space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The property of diffusing very fast into other gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high compressibility of gases is due to the fact that particles in the gaseous state have greater space between each other and move freely, allowing them to be compressed into a smaller volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smell of cooking food reaches us from a distance because particles of the smell can move freely in the air and spread out, carrying the scent to our nostrils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compressed gases, such as LPG and CNG, are significant because they allow for the transportation of large volumes of gas in a small cylinder, making them convenient for use in cooking and as fuel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference between the arrangement of particles in the solid and liquid states is that particles in the solid state are closely packed and have less space between each other, whereas particles in the liquid state have more space between each other and move freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment with the syringes and pistons suggests that gases are highly compressible, whereas solids and liquids are not, indicating that the arrangement of particles in these states is significantly different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases are able to spread out and fill their containers because their particles have greater space between each other and move freely, allowing them to expand and fill the available space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases are highly compressible because particles in the gaseous state have more space between each other and move freely, allowing them to be compressed to a smaller volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of the smell of hot sizzling food are able to move more freely and quickly, allowing them to reach us from a distance, whereas the particles of the smell of cold food are slower and more restricted in their movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The large number of balloons can be filled from a single cylinder of gas because gases are highly compressible, allowing a large volume of gas to be compressed into a small cylinder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment shows that gases are highly compressible, whereas liquids and solids are not, demonstrating the unique properties of each state of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is possible to transport large volumes of gas in a small cylinder because gases are highly compressible, allowing them to be compressed into a small volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of particles is related to the state of matter, with particles in the gaseous state moving freely and quickly, particles in the liquid state moving more slowly, and particles in the solid state moving very slowly or not at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high speed of particles and large space between them in the gaseous state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the high speed of particles of the aroma of food and the large space between them, allowing them to diffuse rapidly into the air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random movement at high speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motion of the particles can be compared in the three states of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates the property of gases to diffuse rapidly into other gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reason behind the ability of gases to be highly compressible is that their particles have a lot of space between them, allowing them to be compressed into a small cylinder. This property makes them useful in our daily lives because large volumes of a gas can be compressed into a small cylinder and transported easily, as seen in LPG cylinders and oxygen cylinders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From the liquid state, we can infer that the particles move freely and have greater space between each other as compared to particles in the solid state. This is in contrast to the solid state, where particles have less space between them and are more closely packed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The significance of the smell of the incense stick being able to reach us from a distance is that it suggests that particles of matter are in constant motion, allowing them to spread out and travel long distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The compressibility of gases allows for the transportation of large volumes of gas by compressing them into small cylinders. Examples of this include LPG cylinders, oxygen cylinders, and CNG cylinders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The characteristic of gases that allows them to fill their containers is that they are able to spread out and occupy the entire volume of the container. This differs from solids and liquids, which maintain their shape and volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment with the three syringes demonstrates the compressibility of gases, liquids, and solids, showing that gases are highly compressible, liquids are less compressible, and solids are the least compressible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high speed of gas particles and the large space between them, allowing for fast diffusion into other gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the random movement of particles, they collide with each other and the walls of the container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In solids, particles vibrate in place, in liquids, particles slide past each other, and in gases, particles move randomly and rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure exerted by a gas is due to the force exerted by the gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles of the substance get into the spaces between the particles of the other substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates the property of gases to diffuse very fast into other gases, due to the high speed of particles and large space between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High compressibility of gases due to greater space between particles and their free movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the movement of particles of the smell from the kitchen to our nostrils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates the high compressibility of gases compared to solids and liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to their high compressibility, large volumes of gas can be compressed into a small cylinder, making them easy to transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High compressibility of gases, which allows large volumes of gas to be stored in a small cylinder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of particles of the smell from the kitchen to our nostrils, allowing us to detect the smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary reason behind the fast diffusion of gases is due to the high speed of particles and the large space between them. This allows the particles to move about randomly at high speed, resulting in rapid diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of its container is due to the force exerted by the gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container, which is a result of the random movement of particles hitting the container walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The experiment involving the smell of hot cooked food suggests that particles in the gaseous state are highly mobile and can travel quickly over long distances, allowing the smell to reach us rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motion of particles in the three states of matter differ in terms of speed and arrangement. Solid particles are closely packed and vibrate in place, liquid particles have some freedom to move but are still closely packed, and gas particles have a high degree of freedom and move rapidly. This suggests that particles in each state have unique properties and arrangements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation that the smell of hot sizzling food reaches us quickly, but the smell of cold food does not, suggests that the temperature of a substance affects the mobility of its particles, with hotter particles moving more rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The random movement of particles in the gaseous state implies that the particles are highly dispersed and have a large amount of space between them, allowing for rapid diffusion and mixing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>density</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>air, exhaust from chimneys, cotton, chalk, honey, water, iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles gain kinetic energy and begin to move more rapidly, causing the substance to change state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ice is less dense than liquid water, so it floats on top.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles gain kinetic energy and begin to move more rapidly, allowing them to slide past one another and change from a fixed position to a more random arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gases have the ability to expand and fill their containers because their particles are not closely packed and are free to move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a change of state, the particles of matter gain or lose energy, resulting in a change in their arrangement and motion. This change occurs when the particles gain or lose kinetic energy, causing a phase transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids because the particles are closely packed in solids, resulting in a higher mass per unit volume. However, in the case of ice and water, the hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause ice to have a lower density than water, resulting in ice floating on water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reason is that the particles of air are widely spaced and have a lot of empty space between them, allowing for easy movement. In contrast, the particles of a solid block of wood are closely packed, making it difficult to move through it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reason is that the particles of a gas are widely spaced and have a lot of kinetic energy, causing them to move rapidly and fill the entire container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gas exerts pressure on the walls of its container because the particles of the gas are in constant motion, colliding with the walls of the container and exerting a force on them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The characteristic of a solid that allows it to maintain its shape is its rigidity, which is due to the strong attractive forces between its particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a solid, particles are closely packed and have a fixed position, resulting in a rigid shape and definite volume. In a liquid, particles have some freedom to move past each other, resulting in a fixed volume but a variable shape. In a gas, particles are widely spaced and have complete freedom of motion, resulting in a variable shape and volume. These arrangements affect their properties such as rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, and shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solids have a fixed shape and volume because their particles are closely packed and have a fixed position. Liquids have a fixed volume because their particles are close together but can slide past each other, resulting in a variable shape. Gases have a variable shape and volume because their particles are widely spaced and have complete freedom of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a change of state, the particles of matter gain or lose kinetic energy, resulting in a change in their motion and arrangement. For example, when ice melts to water, the particles gain kinetic energy and start moving more rapidly, resulting in a change from a solid to a liquid state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gas exerts pressure on the walls of its container because its particles are in constant motion, hitting the walls and transferring their kinetic energy. The faster the particles move, the greater the pressure exerted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquids generally have lower density than solids because their particles are closer together in a solid state. However, in the case of water, the molecules in the solid state (ice) are arranged in a way that creates empty spaces, making ice less dense than liquid water, which is why it floats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas, its density generally decreases. This happens because the particles gain kinetic energy and move farther apart, resulting in a decrease in density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reason is that the particles of the substance change their arrangement and motion, resulting in a change in density. In a solid, particles are closely packed, making it dense. In a liquid, particles have more space to move, reducing density. In a gas, particles are widely spaced, resulting in a significant decrease in density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gas fills completely the vessel because its particles have high kinetic energy, causing them to move rapidly and spread out to occupy the entire container. The particles then collide with the walls of the container, exerting pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the change of state, the particles gain kinetic energy and start moving faster, allowing them to overcome the attractive forces between them. As the particles gain energy, they transition from a solid to a liquid to a gas. The change of state takes place when the particles gain sufficient energy to break free from their fixed positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ice floats on water because its density is lower than that of water. This is due to the unique arrangement of water molecules in ice, which creates empty spaces within the crystal structure, making it less dense than liquid water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the temperature of particles increases, their kinetic energy also increases, causing them to move faster and spread out. Conversely, a decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in kinetic energy, resulting in slower movement and increased closeness of particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The characteristic of particles in the gaseous state that allows them to hit each other and the walls of the container is their rapid motion and high kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kinetic energy of the particles increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point of the solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The particles gain sufficient energy to break free from the surface and turn into vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat of vaporization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles in steam have more energy than water at the same temperature due to the extra energy absorbed as latent heat of vaporization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state of matter can be changed into another state by changing the temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point of water is 373 K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substance undergoes a phase transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the energy absorbed by particles in steam to change from liquid to gas state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat of vaporization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the heat energy is used to change the state of the substance, rather than increasing its temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles gain energy and start moving faster, breaking free from the forces of attraction between them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat energy is absorbed or released as the particles change state</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat of fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat of fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>373 K (100oC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat of vaporisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat energy is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles, and is considered as latent heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the temperature at which a solid starts changing into a liquid at atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the temperature of particles increases, their kinetic energy also increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>latent heat of vaporization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>latent heat of fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>373.15 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The kinetic energy of particles increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles in steam have more energy than water at the same temperature because they have absorbed extra energy in the form of latent heat of vaporization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the heat energy is used to change the state of the substance, and not to change its temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid, while the latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a substance from liquid to gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid, while the boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state of matter changes with a change in temperature, and latent heat is the energy required to change the state of matter without changing the temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid, while the latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a substance from liquid to gas. Both are phase transitions that occur at constant temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas, and it is related to the latent heat of vaporization, which is the energy required for this phase transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid, and it is related to the latent heat of fusion, which is the energy required for this phase transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase transitions, such as melting and boiling, illustrate the concept of latent heat, which is the energy required to change the state of matter without changing the temperature. This reveals that matter can exist in different states, and that energy is required to change between these states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point, which is the temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at atmospheric pressure, is significant because it is the temperature at which particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of attraction of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid, while the boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. These temperatures represent the points at which the particles of a substance gain enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term used to describe the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point is the latent heat of fusion. This energy is significant because it represents the energy required to overcome the forces of attraction between particles in a solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term used to describe the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point is the latent heat of vaporization. This energy is significant because it represents the energy required to overcome the forces of attraction between particles in a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a phase transition, the temperature of a substance remains constant, despite the continued supply of heat. This occurs because the heat energy is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles, rather than increasing the kinetic energy of the particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid is called the melting point, and it is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between the particles of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the temperature rises during a phase transition, the kinetic energy of particles increases, and the particles start vibrating with greater speed, eventually breaking free from their fixed positions and turning into a liquid. The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point, and it is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point is the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid, while the boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gas. The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point, while the latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change the state of a substance from liquid to gas at its boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas, and it is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between the particles of the substance. The latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change the state of a substance from liquid to gas at its boiling point, and it is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point, and it is related to the kinetic energy of particles. As the temperature rises during a phase transition, the kinetic energy of particles increases, and the particles start vibrating with greater speed, eventually breaking free from their fixed positions and turning into a liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change the state of a substance from liquid to gas at its boiling point, and it is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between the particles of the substance. The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas, and it is an important physical property that is used to identify and characterize substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat of vaporization is the extra energy absorbed by particles in steam to change the state of matter from liquid to gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature of a substance remains constant during a phase transition because the energy absorbed is used to change the state of matter, not to change the temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point of a substance is related to the latent heat of fusion, which is the energy required to change the state of matter from solid to liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion affects the melting point of a substance by determining the amount of energy required to change the state of matter from solid to liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes state from liquid to gas, and it is related to the latent heat of vaporization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat energy supplied during the phase transition gets used up in changing the state of the substance, overcoming the forces of attraction between particles, and is known as the latent heat. It is absorbed or released without a change in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it starts changing into a gas at atmospheric pressure, and it is the point where the particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of attraction of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point, and it implies that the particles have more energy at the melting point, which is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid, while the latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas, and they relate to the phase transitions of a substance by being the energy required to overcome the forces of attraction between particles during these transitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature of a substance remains constant during a phase transition, and the heat energy supplied is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles, which is known as the latent heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas at its boiling point, and it is the energy required to overcome the forces of attraction between particles during boiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary reason is that the energy supplied is used to overcome the intermolecular forces, resulting in a phase transition. This energy is known as latent heat. The temperature remains constant because the energy is being used to change the state of the substance rather than increasing its temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid at a constant temperature and pressure. The latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas at a constant temperature and pressure. Both are important in understanding phase transitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point is the minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure. It is an indication of the strength of the intermolecular forces between the particles of the substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boiling is the process of a liquid changing to a gas at a constant temperature and pressure. Heat energy is supplied, increasing the kinetic energy of the particles, which leads to an increase in the motion of the particles, resulting in the change of state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the temperature of a substance increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, leading to an increase in the motion of the particles. This increase in motion can lead to a phase transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase transitions are changes of state from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. The energy changes involved include the latent heat of fusion and the latent heat of vaporization, which are the energies required to change the state of a substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental reason is that particles in steam have absorbed extra energy in the form of latent heat of vaporization, which allows them to change their state from liquid to gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change the state of a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point, and it implies that the kinetic energy of the particles increases during this process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change the state of a substance from liquid to gas at its boiling point, and it is significant because it allows the substance to change its state without a change in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying mechanism behind phase transitions is the change in kinetic energy of particles, which requires the absorption or release of energy in the form of latent heat of fusion or vaporization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature of a substance remains constant during a phase transition because the energy absorbed or released is used to change the state of the substance, rather than to increase its temperature, and latent heat plays a crucial role in this process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point of a substance is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles. It is the minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a phase transition, the kinetic energy of particles remains constant, but the heat energy is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles. This is known as the latent heat of fusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at atmospheric pressure, while the melting point is the temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at atmospheric pressure. Both are characteristic properties of a substance and relate to phase transitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change the state of a substance from liquid to gas at atmospheric pressure, without changing its temperature. It is related to the boiling point of a substance, which is the temperature at which a liquid starts boiling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a phase transition, the kinetic energy of particles increases as the temperature rises. This increase in kinetic energy is significant because it allows particles to overcome the forces of attraction between them and change from one state to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point and boiling point of a substance are both characteristic properties that relate to phase transitions. The melting point is the temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid, while the boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid starts boiling to become a gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent heat is the energy required to change the state of a substance without a change in temperature. It is used to overcome the forces of attraction between particles, allowing them to change from one state to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it starts boiling at atmospheric pressure. At this temperature, particles have enough energy to break free from the forces of attraction and change into the vapour state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change 1 kg of a liquid into vapour at its boiling point. It reveals that particles in a liquid have sufficient energy to break free from the forces of attraction and change into the vapour state at the boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid. It is related to the strength of the intermolecular forces between particles, as particles need to overcome these forces to change from solid to liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase transitions, such as melting and boiling, illustrate the concept of latent heat by showing that energy is required to change the state of a substance without a change in temperature. This reveals that particles have sufficient energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them and change from one state to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at its melting point. It is related to the kinetic energy of particles, as particles need to have sufficient energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them and change from solid to liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat energy supplied during the melting of a solid is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles, and is known as the latent heat of fusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which a liquid changes state to a gas at atmospheric pressure, and the heat energy required for this phase transition is known as the latent heat of vaporization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point of a substance is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During a phase transition from solid to liquid, the particles of a substance gain kinetic energy and start moving more freely, and the heat energy supplied is used to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature remaining constant during a phase transition indicates that the heat energy supplied is being used to change the state of the substance, and the latent heat is the energy required for this phase transition.</p> Signup and view all the answers