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Questions and Answers
What will be the layering of balsamic vinegar, sugar, and olive oil, from top to bottom?
What will be the layering of balsamic vinegar, sugar, and olive oil, from top to bottom?
Which state of matter has an indefinite volume?
Which state of matter has an indefinite volume?
Select the correct order of state and transition when adding heat, starting from the coldest.
Select the correct order of state and transition when adding heat, starting from the coldest.
Which example represents a homogeneous mixture?
Which example represents a homogeneous mixture?
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What separation method is used to purify saltwater by boiling?
What separation method is used to purify saltwater by boiling?
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What is the reason for mass remaining constant before and after a chemical reaction?
What is the reason for mass remaining constant before and after a chemical reaction?
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Which statement about isotopes is correct?
Which statement about isotopes is correct?
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In a neutral atom, the number of protons compared to electrons is:
In a neutral atom, the number of protons compared to electrons is:
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What does it mean that electrons have quantized energy?
What does it mean that electrons have quantized energy?
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Which of the following describes the charge of an atom that lost 2 electrons?
Which of the following describes the charge of an atom that lost 2 electrons?
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What are the hotel rooms compared to in the analogy used for orbitals?
What are the hotel rooms compared to in the analogy used for orbitals?
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Which orbital filling order is correct when electrons fill in the orbitals?
Which orbital filling order is correct when electrons fill in the orbitals?
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Which of the orbitals listed is at the highest energy level?
Which of the orbitals listed is at the highest energy level?
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How many electrons can be held in the second energy level (n = 2)?
How many electrons can be held in the second energy level (n = 2)?
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What is the total number of electrons that can fit in the p sublevel?
What is the total number of electrons that can fit in the p sublevel?
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What is represented by the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
What is represented by the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
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After filling the 2p orbitals, where does the next electron go?
After filling the 2p orbitals, where does the next electron go?
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What order is the modern Periodic Table of Elements arranged in?
What order is the modern Periodic Table of Elements arranged in?
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What is the primary goal of organizing the elements into an ordered table?
What is the primary goal of organizing the elements into an ordered table?
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The period number in the Periodic Table tells us the number of what within the energy levels?
The period number in the Periodic Table tells us the number of what within the energy levels?
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Which two characteristics define matter?
Which two characteristics define matter?
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In a controlled experiment, which variable is intentionally altered by the researcher?
In a controlled experiment, which variable is intentionally altered by the researcher?
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Why must an experiment be controlled by keeping factors constant?
Why must an experiment be controlled by keeping factors constant?
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What is the primary goal of conducting an experiment?
What is the primary goal of conducting an experiment?
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How do chemical properties differ from physical properties?
How do chemical properties differ from physical properties?
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What is the best method to identify a substance's physical properties?
What is the best method to identify a substance's physical properties?
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Which option accurately defines the volume of a substance?
Which option accurately defines the volume of a substance?
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Given that a Starbucks Tall coffee weighs 324 g and has a volume of 350 mL, what is its density?
Given that a Starbucks Tall coffee weighs 324 g and has a volume of 350 mL, what is its density?
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What is the best way to measure the volume of an oddly shaped pebble?
What is the best way to measure the volume of an oddly shaped pebble?
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Which object is capable of floating in water based on density considerations?
Which object is capable of floating in water based on density considerations?
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What property distinguishes a compound from a mixture?
What property distinguishes a compound from a mixture?
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What happens to the electrons in an atom when it becomes a cation?
What happens to the electrons in an atom when it becomes a cation?
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Which of the following statements about isotopes is NOT correct?
Which of the following statements about isotopes is NOT correct?
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How is the mass number of an atom determined?
How is the mass number of an atom determined?
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What occurs during the process of sublimation?
What occurs during the process of sublimation?
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Which separation method relies on differences in boiling points?
Which separation method relies on differences in boiling points?
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What does it signify if an atom has a negative charge?
What does it signify if an atom has a negative charge?
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What is the most significant difference between solids and gases regarding their molecular arrangement?
What is the most significant difference between solids and gases regarding their molecular arrangement?
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Which factor determines the unique identity of an element?
Which factor determines the unique identity of an element?
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What kind of charge does an atom have if it has 33 protons and 31 electrons?
What kind of charge does an atom have if it has 33 protons and 31 electrons?
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Which energy level can hold the most electrons?
Which energy level can hold the most electrons?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes a chemical property?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a chemical property?
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How many p orbitals are there in a set?
How many p orbitals are there in a set?
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What is the primary reason for controlling variables in an experiment?
What is the primary reason for controlling variables in an experiment?
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What indicates the position of an element in the Periodic Table?
What indicates the position of an element in the Periodic Table?
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How is density calculated?
How is density calculated?
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Which of the following would be the best method to measure the volume of a liquid in a laboratory setting?
Which of the following would be the best method to measure the volume of a liquid in a laboratory setting?
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What is the total number of electrons in an atom with the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
What is the total number of electrons in an atom with the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
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What is the definition of mass?
What is the definition of mass?
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Where do electrons go after filling the 3s orbital?
Where do electrons go after filling the 3s orbital?
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When comparing the density of an object to water (1 g/mL), how will an object with a density of 1.2 g/mL behave in water?
When comparing the density of an object to water (1 g/mL), how will an object with a density of 1.2 g/mL behave in water?
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Which of the following describes the process occurring when we see color in a lit room?
Which of the following describes the process occurring when we see color in a lit room?
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In terms of atomic structure, what is represented by the period number in the Periodic Table?
In terms of atomic structure, what is represented by the period number in the Periodic Table?
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What defines the physical property of a substance?
What defines the physical property of a substance?
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How many total electrons can the second energy level (n=2) accommodate?
How many total electrons can the second energy level (n=2) accommodate?
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What is the density of an object that weighs 500 grams and has a volume of 250 mL?
What is the density of an object that weighs 500 grams and has a volume of 250 mL?
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When you measure the volume of a substance using water displacement, what are you determining?
When you measure the volume of a substance using water displacement, what are you determining?
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What is the primary goal of organizing elements into the Periodic Table?
What is the primary goal of organizing elements into the Periodic Table?
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In an experiment, what is the role of the independent variable?
In an experiment, what is the role of the independent variable?
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Which of these orbitals has the lowest energy?
Which of these orbitals has the lowest energy?
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Which two properties define matter?
Which two properties define matter?
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Which variable is intentionally changed by the researcher in a controlled experiment?
Which variable is intentionally changed by the researcher in a controlled experiment?
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit in the third energy level?
What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit in the third energy level?
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Chemical properties are observed when substances change, while physical properties are observed when substances remain unchanged. How are these correctly defined?
Chemical properties are observed when substances change, while physical properties are observed when substances remain unchanged. How are these correctly defined?
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How can you typically identify the physical properties of a substance?
How can you typically identify the physical properties of a substance?
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How many orbitals are in a full set of d orbitals?
How many orbitals are in a full set of d orbitals?
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What correctly defines the volume of a substance?
What correctly defines the volume of a substance?
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Which orbital filling sequence accurately reflects the order in which electrons occupy orbitals?
Which orbital filling sequence accurately reflects the order in which electrons occupy orbitals?
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Given a Starbucks Tall coffee weighing 324 g and volume of 350 mL, what is its density?
Given a Starbucks Tall coffee weighing 324 g and volume of 350 mL, what is its density?
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What is the best method to measure the volume of an oddly shaped pebble?
What is the best method to measure the volume of an oddly shaped pebble?
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Which statement best describes the properties of p orbitals?
Which statement best describes the properties of p orbitals?
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Which object will float in water based on density comparison?
Which object will float in water based on density comparison?
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What occurs to electrons when they emit light in a lit room?
What occurs to electrons when they emit light in a lit room?
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Which of the following correctly identifies the total number of electrons in the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
Which of the following correctly identifies the total number of electrons in the configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
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Which element corresponds to the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
Which element corresponds to the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2?
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What is the primary arrangement criterion of the modern Periodic Table?
What is the primary arrangement criterion of the modern Periodic Table?
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What describes the role of the period number in the Periodic Table?
What describes the role of the period number in the Periodic Table?
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How many total electrons can occupy a single p sublevel?
How many total electrons can occupy a single p sublevel?
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Which statement is true regarding a compound compared to its individual components?
Which statement is true regarding a compound compared to its individual components?
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What property of the atom is indicated by its atomic number?
What property of the atom is indicated by its atomic number?
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What distinguishes isotopes of an element from each other?
What distinguishes isotopes of an element from each other?
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What happens to the mass of reactants and products in a chemical reaction according to the principles of chemistry?
What happens to the mass of reactants and products in a chemical reaction according to the principles of chemistry?
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In a scenario where an atom has 12 protons, what is its atomic number?
In a scenario where an atom has 12 protons, what is its atomic number?
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According to atomic theory, where are electrons located within an atom?
According to atomic theory, where are electrons located within an atom?
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What will happen to a sodium atom with a mass number of 24 that has 11 electrons?
What will happen to a sodium atom with a mass number of 24 that has 11 electrons?
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Which transition in the states of matter is correctly identified with heat addition?
Which transition in the states of matter is correctly identified with heat addition?
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If an ion has a charge of -2 and 31 electrons, how many protons does it have?
If an ion has a charge of -2 and 31 electrons, how many protons does it have?
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Which scenario accurately reflects the transition of solid to gas?
Which scenario accurately reflects the transition of solid to gas?
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Study Notes
Matter and Measurement
- Matter is anything with mass and volume.
- The independent variable is the one intentionally changed in an experiment.
- Controlled experiments ensure that changes are due solely to the independent variable; this isolates the effect of the independent variable.
- The goal of experiments is to test hypotheses and determine if results support or refute them.
- Chemical properties describe changes in substances, while physical properties can be observed without altering the substance.
- Physical properties can be identified using the five senses.
- Volume is the three-dimensional space occupied by a substance.
- Density = mass/volume.
- Water displacement is used to measure the volume of irregular objects.
- Objects with a density less than water will float.
- Substances with different densities will layer according to density.
- Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but indefinite shape, and gases have indefinite shape and volume.
- State changes (like melting, freezing, evaporation) occur due to changes in temperature.
Mixtures and Substances
- Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (non-uniform).
- Examples of homogeneous mixtures are air and sugar water.
- Distillation is a separation method based on differences in boiling points.
- Compounds have components that are chemically combined in fixed ratios.
- Components cannot be separated from a compound physically.
- The Law of Conservation of Matter states that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction.
Atomic Structure
- Atoms contain a nucleus with a positive charge and electrons in orbitals.
- Rutherford's experiment showed that the positive charge is concentrated in a small nucleus.
- In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
- The mass number of an atom is equal to the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
- Ions are atoms that have lost or gained electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.
- Electrons exist in quantized energy levels; different energy is possible but never between.
- The area surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found is called the electron cloud. Each energy level has corresponding orbitals that fill in a specific order (e.g., s, then p. then d).
Periodic Table
- The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number.
- Elements with similar properties are grouped together.
- When electrons fall back to their ground state, color is emitted.
- The period number indicates the number of energy levels for the elements in that row.
Multiple Choice Questions Summary (Tests 1, 2, 3 combined)
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Matter has mass and volume.
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Independent variable is intentionally changed in an experiment.
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Controlled experiments isolate the effect of the independent variable.
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Experiments test hypotheses (support or refute).
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Chemical properties involve changes; physical properties don't.
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Physical properties are observed using the senses.
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Volume is three-dimensional space.
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Density is mass/volume.
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Water displacement measures irregular volumes.
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Objects less dense than water float.
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Substances layer by density (e.g., balsamic vinegar, sugar, oil in dressing).
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States of matter: solids (definite shape, volume), liquids (definite volume, indefinite shape), gases (indefinite shape, volume).
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State changes are due to temperature changes.
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Homogeneous mixtures are uniform, heterogeneous are not.
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Distillation separates substances by boiling point.
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Compounds have fixed ratios; components are not easily separable.
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The Law of Conservation of Matter states that mass is conserved in reactions.
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Atoms have a positive nucleus and negatively charged electrons.
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Rutherford's experiment showed concentrated positive charge in nucleus.
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Neutral atoms have equal protons and electrons.
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Mass number = protons + neutrons.
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Isotopes have the same number of protons, different number of neutrons.
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Ions have lost or gained electrons.
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Electrons exist in quantized energy levels.
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Electron cloud describes electron locations.
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Electron orbitals fill in order (s, then p, then d).
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Periodic Table organizes elements by increasing atomic number.
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Elements with similar properties are grouped together
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Specific Answers to Multiple Choice Questions: (Note: Below are EXAMPLES, not the full answers)
- Question 1: a. Mass, d. Volume
- Question 11: Answer would be b. vinegar → oil → sugar
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Detailed Answers to Multiple Choice Questions: Answers from the MCQs will be included in the summary and specific answers.
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Description
Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts of matter and measurement in this quiz. Explore topics including properties of matter, density calculations, and experimental design. Ideal for students learning the basics of chemistry and physics.
