Matter and Measurement Quiz

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

The variable that is intentionally changed by the researcher in an experiment.

The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment, changing in response to the independent variable.

All other factors that are kept constant in an experiment to ensure any changes observed are due only to the independent variable.

The main goal of conducting an experiment is to test a hypothesis and see if the results either support it or refute it.

Properties observed without changing the substance's chemical composition, like color, shape, density, etc.

Properties observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change, changing its composition, like flammability, reactivity, etc.

The amount of three-dimensional space that a substance occupies.

The ratio of an object's mass to its volume, indicating how much mass is packed into a given space.

A method of measuring the volume of an irregularly shaped object by immersing it in water and measuring the volume of water displaced.

The density of an object is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. It tells us how tightly packed the matter is in an object.

A homogenous mixture is a mixture where the components are evenly distributed throughout and their individual properties are not easily distinguishable. You cannot see the separate components in it.

Filtration is a separation method where a mixture is passed through a filter with small pores. It separates based on the size of the particles, letting the smaller ones pass through and retaining the larger ones.

Distillation is a separation method that utilizes the difference in boiling points of the substances in a mixture. The substance with the lower boiling point vaporizes first, is collected, and then condenses back into liquid form.

A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. They have properties different from their constituent elements and cannot be physically separated.

The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. The total mass of reactants before a reaction must equal the total mass of products after the reaction.

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It defines what element the atom is.

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This leads to different atomic masses for the same element.

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, giving it a net electric charge. A positively charged ion (lost electrons) is called a cation, while a negatively charged ion (gained electrons) is called an anion.

The specific region in space where a particular electron is most likely to be found. It is like a hotel room for an electron, and different types exist.

The arrangement of orbitals on an energy level. The s orbital fills first, followed by the p orbital, and then the d orbital. This is how electrons are organized.

The energy level of an atom is a region surrounding an atom where electrons and other particles occupy. It's similar to a floor in a building.

The energy level of an atom can hold a specific number of electrons. Each energy level can hold more electrons the further you go from the nucleus.

The second energy level (n=2) can hold a maximum of 8 electrons. It has 'rooms' for 2 electrons in the 's' orbital and 6 more electrons in the 'p' orbitals.

A group of three orbitals that are oriented perpendicular to each other. They are similar to three rooms with different orientations.

The p orbital (p sublevel) can hold up to 6 electrons. It's like a 3-room apartment, with 2 people per room (electron capacity).

The electron configuration tells us how many and where electrons are positioned in an atom. It is like a map showing the number and location of inhabitants in a house.

The modern periodic table is arranged in increasing order of atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom. This is like numbering houses from 1 to 100 on a street.

When an electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy level. Like an excited person jumping up a flight of stairs.

The variable that is intentionally changed by the researcher in an experiment.

The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment, changing in response to the independent variable.

A controlled experiment is where all factors except the independent variable are kept constant. This ensures that any changes observed are due only to the independent variable.

The main goal of conducting an experiment is to test a hypothesis and see if the results either support it or refute it.

Properties observed without changing the substance's chemical composition, like color, shape, density, etc.

Properties observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change, changing its composition, like flammability, reactivity, etc.

The amount of three-dimensional space that a substance occupies.

A method of measuring the volume of an irregularly shaped object by immersing it in water and measuring the volume of water displaced.

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

An orbital is a specific region of space around an atom's nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found. Imagine it like a hotel room for an electron.

The s orbital is the first orbital to be filled on an energy level, followed by the p orbital and then the d orbital. It's like filling hotel rooms in a specific order.

An energy level, also called an electron shell, surrounds the nucleus of an atom and represents a region where electrons are likely to be found. It's like a floor in a building.

Energy levels can hold a specific number of electrons, and the number increases with each higher energy level. It's like building a bigger house with more floors, holding more people.

The second energy level (n=2) can hold a total of eight electrons. It has 'rooms' for two electrons in the 's' orbital and six more electrons in the 'p' orbitals.

A p orbital consists of three orbitals that are oriented perpendicular to each other. Think of it like a three-room apartment, each room with a unique direction.

A p orbital can hold a total of six electrons. It's like filling each of the three rooms with two electrons.

Electron configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom. It's like a map showing the location and number of inhabitants in a house.

The modern periodic table is organized in increasing order of atomic number, which represents the number of protons in an atom. It is like numbering houses on a street from 1 to 100.

When an electron absorbs energy, it jumps to a higher energy level. Think of this as an excited individual jumping up a flight of stairs.