Matter and Its Properties Quiz

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. It's the stuff that makes up everything in the universe.

Matter exists in three main states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Matter is made up of tiny particles, like atoms and molecules, that are always in motion.

In solids, particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place.

In liquids, particles are close together but can move around freely.

In gases, particles are far apart and move around very rapidly.

The forces between particles in matter determine its state. Strong forces hold particles close, while weak forces allow them to move more freely.

Changes in temperature and pressure can cause matter to change states. For example, heating ice will cause it to melt into liquid water.

A property that doesn't depend on the amount of substance present. For example, the color, boiling point, or density of a substance remains the same, regardless of the sample size.

The mass per unit volume of a substance. It's a good way to identify substances.

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (boils) or from a solid to a liquid (melts) remains constant regardless of the amount of substance.

The measure of how much a substance bends light. It helps identify substances by how light passes through them.

The ability of a substance to conduct electricity.

The ability of a substance to resist scratching or deformation.

Classifying matters can be done based on its composition and structure.

Matter can be classified based on its composition and structure. For example, a substance can be classified as a pure element or compound, or as a mixture.

A solid colloid formed by dissolving gelatin in water.

A homogeneous mixture where the components are evenly distributed throughout.

A heterogeneous mixture where the components are unevenly distributed and can be easily distinguished.

The process of separating insoluble solids from liquids or gases based on particle size.

The process of separating liquids based on their boiling points.

A separation technique that uses differences in affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase.

Pure substances composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

A mixture of two or more metals, often created to enhance desired properties like strength or conductivity.

A chemical compound composed of two or more elements held together by ionic bonds. They usually involve a metal and a non-metal.

The systematic naming of chemical compounds. It provides a consistent and universally understood language for describing substances.

The naming of covalent compounds involves using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. This makes them sour in taste.

The number of atoms in one mole of a substance. It's a fundamental constant in chemistry, representing a large quantity.

The mass of one mole of a substance. It's expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

A quantity that represents a specific number of entities (atoms, molecules, or ions). It's like a counting unit for particles.

A chemical compound formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. These compounds typically consist of non-metals.

Ionic compounds dissolve in water because water's polar molecules can surround and separate the ions, overcoming the forces holding them together in the lattice.

Ionic compounds are generally hard because their rigid structure is strong, but they are brittle because if too much force is applied, like-charged ions can align and repel each other, causing the structure to break.

In covalent bonds, two nonmetals share electrons, giving each atom a stable electron configuration like a noble gas.

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons. Atoms with similar electronegativity share electrons equally, but if there's a big difference, the bond becomes polar.

Shorter bonds are stronger than longer bonds. For example, a triple bond is stronger than a double bond, which is stronger than a single bond.

Lewis structures visually represent electrons as dots around atoms. Shared pairs of electrons are depicted as lines, representing covalent bonds.

VSEPR Theory predicts the shape of molecules based on the repulsion of electron groups. This repulsion leads to specific geometries such as linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral.

Molecular covalent compounds have properties based on their structure. For example, their melting and boiling points are influenced by the strength of their intermolecular bonds.

The volume ratios of gases in a chemical reaction are directly related to the molar ratios, just like the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation. This means that the coefficients tell you the exact volume relationships between the reacting gases.

The volume of reactants and products in a gas reaction can be easily determined using the stoichiometric coefficients in a balanced chemical equation, assuming the reaction happens at constant temperature and pressure.

Equal volumes of different gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. This simplifies gas volume calculations in chemical reactions.

A mathematical equation (PV = nRT) that describes the behavior of ideal gases. It can be used to calculate the volume of a gas in a reaction if you know the temperature, pressure, and number of moles.

The reactant that gets used up first in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of product that can be formed. The limiting reactant controls the final volume of gas produced.

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) are specific conditions used to compare gas volumes under standard circumstances. At STP, one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters.

A problem that asks you to calculate the volume of a gas produced or consumed in a chemical reaction, using stoichiometry and the ideal gas law.

A problem where you need to calculate the theoretical yield of a reaction, which is the maximum amount of product that can be produced based on the amount of reactants. You can then determine the percentage yield.