Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the carbon cycle?

  • To facilitate the exchange of carbon atoms (correct)
  • To promote bacterial growth
  • To circulate water in the environment
  • To assist in the formation of fossil fuels

    • Nitrogen is a nonmetallic element found in Group 15 of the periodic table.

    True

    What is meant by 'cellular respiration'?

    A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates.

    The process that changes liquid water to gaseous water is called __________.

    <p>evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the biosphere?

    <p>Void Space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the processes to their descriptions:

    <p>Assimilation = Integrating nutrients into an organism's body Condensation = Changing from gas to liquid Evaporation = Changing from liquid to gas Decomposition = Breaking down substances into simpler forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bacteria in ecosystems?

    <p>Bacteria help in decomposition and nutrient cycling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hydrologic cycle refers to the process through which energy is transferred in a closed system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is NOT primarily abiotic?

    <p>Nitrogen Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sulfur is essential for chemical reactions necessary for life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are included in the hydrosphere?

    <p>All water on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ contains all living organisms on Earth.

    <p>biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ecosystem service with its description:

    <p>Provision service = Providing food, fuel, and raw materials Regulating service = Air filtration and flood control Cultural service = Educational and aesthetic experiences Support service = Maintaining fundamental ecosystem processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is NOT primarily involved in energy transfer indispensable for metabolism?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atmosphere contains all solid land on Earth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a biogeochemical cycle that carbon is a part of.

    <p>Carbon Cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the nitrogen cycle?

    <p>The cycle involving the conversion of nitrogen into multiple chemical forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Earth is an open system in terms of carbon and nutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of water movement through a plant called?

    <p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ cycle describes the transformation of phosphorus in soil, water, and living organisms.

    <p>phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cycles to their descriptions:

    <p>Nitrogen cycle = Circulation of nitrogen in ecosystems Phosphorus cycle = Transformation of phosphorus in the environment Sulfur cycle = Movement of sulfur through various forms Water cycle = Continuous movement of water on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the breakdown or dissolving of rocks and minerals?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As energy moves through an ecosystem, it changes form, but no new energy is created. This is known as the conservation of _______.

    <p>energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Precipitation refers to any liquid or frozen water that forms and falls back to the Earth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main benefit of high biodiversity in an ecosystem?

    <p>Increased resilience to disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A healthy ecosystem is one that is vulnerable to change and stressors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do trees play in an ecosystem that benefits humans?

    <p>Trees provide fiber, filter air, and prevent runoff and erosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecosystem services have _____________ value because they provide essential benefits to humans.

    <p>economic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ecosystem services to their descriptions:

    <p>Pollination = Supports food production through insect activity Water purification = Filters harmful substances from water bodies Soil formation = Creates fertile land for plant growth Climate regulation = Helps stabilize weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of biogeochemical cycles, which component is vital for the movement of matter?

    <p>Both abiotic and biotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ecosystems with low biodiversity are generally more resilient to environmental changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if abiotic factors in an ecosystem dramatically increased or decreased?

    <p>Species extinction or dramatic shifts in the ecosystem's structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

    • Conservation of Matter and Energy
      • Matter and energy are conserved during ecosystem processes.
      • Matter cycles through different forms but is not created or destroyed.
      • Energy changes form but is not created or destroyed.
    • Earth as a Closed System
      • Earth is a closed system for water, nutrients, and minerals.
      • Earth does not gain or lose significant amounts of matter from space.
    • Energy Flow in Ecosystems
      • Energy flows from the sun into plants through photosynthesis.
      • Energy is transferred through food chains.
      • Energy is lost as heat and does not return to plants.
    • Biogeochemical Cycles
      • Major biogeochemical cycles include:
        • Hydrologic
        • Carbon
        • Nitrogen
        • Oxygen
        • Phosphorus
        • Sulfur
      • These cycles involve the movement of matter between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem.
    • Essential Elements for Life
      • Hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen are essential for life due to their bonding properties and abundance.
      • Phosphorus is important for energy transfer (metabolism).
      • Sulfur acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions necessary for life.
    • Earth's Spheres
      • Hydrosphere: Includes all water on Earth.
      • Geosphere: Includes all solid land on Earth.
      • Biosphere: Includes all living organisms on Earth.
      • Atmosphere: Includes all air on Earth.

    Ecosystem Services

    • Ecosystem Services: Benefits provided by ecosystems to humans.
      • Support Services: Maintain fundamental ecosystem processes, such as habitat for plants and wildlife, and genetic diversity.
      • Provision Services: Material or energy outputs from an ecosystem, including food, fuel, and raw materials.
      • Regulating Services: Benefits obtained through moderation or control of ecosystem processes, such as climate regulation, air and soil quality, flood control, and pollination.
      • Cultural Services: Non-material benefits humans obtain from ecosystems, such as spiritual enrichment, educational, recreational, and aesthetic experiences.
    • Economic Value of Ecosystem Services
      • Ecosystem services have significant economic value.
      • It would be costly for humans to replicate the services provided by ecosystems.
    • Healthy Ecosystems
      • A healthy ecosystem is intact in its physical, chemical, and biological components, and is resilient to change and stressors.
    • Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health
      • Greater biodiversity leads to greater ecosystem stability.
      • Species with high genetic diversity and multiple populations are more likely to withstand disturbances, disease, and climate change.
    • Ecosystem Response to Changes
      • Ecosystems with high biodiversity are more resilient to change.
    • Interaction of Biotic and Abiotic Components
      • Living and non-living components of an ecosystem interact to provide ecosystem services.
      • Examples: Trees provide fiber, filter air, and prevent runoff and erosion.
    • Changes to Biotic or Abiotic Factors
      • Major changes to biotic or abiotic factors can significantly impact ecosystem services.
      • For example, deforestation can disrupt the carbon cycle, reduce biodiversity, and increase soil erosion.

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    Related Documents

    Matter and Energy in Ecosystems Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of matter and energy conservation in ecosystems. It delves into the energy flow from the sun, the closed nature of Earth's systems, and major biogeochemical cycles essential for life. Test your understanding of these critical ecological principles.

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