MATLAB Array and String Functions
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Questions and Answers

What does the function diag(v) do in MATLAB?

  • Creates a vector equal to the main diagonal of matrix v
  • Converts a vector into a column matrix
  • Generates a square matrix filled with ones
  • Makes a square matrix of zeroes with vector in the main diagonal (correct)
  • How is a string created in MATLAB?

  • By defining a vector of characters using `char` function
  • By using double quotes around the characters
  • By concatenating strings with the plus operator
  • By typing characters within single quotes (correct)
  • When strings are indexed in MATLAB, what is true about reading by index?

  • Strings are indexed only from the end towards the beginning
  • Indexes for strings start from zero by default
  • Strings cannot be indexed; they are treated as a single unit
  • Indexing retrieves characters based on their position in the string (correct)
  • What would be the result of the command word(1) = 'v'; if word is initially set to 'dale'?

    <p>'d' will be replaced with 'v', resulting in 'vale'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you insert characters in a string variable in MATLAB?

    <p>Use indexing to specify where to add new characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of attempting to vertically concatenate strings of different lengths in MATLAB?

    <p>An error will occur due to dimension inconsistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does MATLAB handle string arrays when using the char function?

    <p>It pads each string to the length of the longest string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the command names = [ 'Greg'; 'Jon' ], what is the expected result?

    <p>An error due to inconsistent row lengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the command size(question) if question is assigned using the char function to hold three lines of varying lengths?

    <p>3xM array where M equals the longest string's length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using char('string 1', 'string 2'), what is the primary purpose of this function?

    <p>To ensure all strings have equal lengths by adding spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Built-in Functions for Handling Arrays

    • diag(v) creates a square matrix with zeroes, except for the main diagonal which is populated by the elements of vector v.
    • diag(A) creates a vector containing the elements of the main diagonal of matrix A.
    • For more array handling functions, navigate through the help icon in MATLAB: MATLAB -> MATLAB Functions -> By Category -> Matrices and Arrays.

    Strings

    • A string is an array of characters.
    • Strings in MATLAB are used for:
      • Displaying text output
      • Specifying plot formatting
      • Inputting arguments for functions
      • Text input from user or data files
    • Strings are created by typing characters within single quotes ('). Other programming languages typically use quotation marks (").
    • Text color changes to maroon when typing the first single quote and purple when typing the last single quote.

    Strings: Characters & Symbols

    • Strings can contain letters, digits, symbols, and spaces.
    • Single quotes within a string can be represented using two consecutive single quotes (')
    • Examples of strings: 'ad ef', '3%fr2', 'edcba:21!', 'MATLAB'.

    String Variables

    • Strings can be assigned to variables like numbers.
    • Example:
      • name = 'Sting', police = 'New York''s finest'.

    String Variables: Storage & Indexing

    • Numbers in strings are stored as an array.
    • A one-line string is a row vector, with the number of elements equaling the number of characters in the string.
    • Example:
      • name = 'Howard the Duck' has 15 characters and thus a size of 1x15.
    • Strings can be indexed and manipulated similarly to vectors and matrices. Elements can be read, written, and deleted by index.

    String Variables: Example Operations

    • Example:
      • word = 'dale', word(1) = 'v' changes the word to vale.
      • word(end) = [] removes the last character e from vale resulting in val.
      • word(end+1:end+3) = 'ley' adds ley to val, making it valley.

    Multi-line Strings

    • MATLAB stores multiline strings as arrays.
    • Each line must have the same number of characters (columns).
    • If lines have a different number of characters, MATLAB throws an error when combining them in a vertical array (names = ['Greg'; 'Jon']).
    • To avoid errors, manually add spaces (or other characters) to make all lines the same length.
      • Example: names = ['Greg'; 'Jon '].

    char Function

    • char function overcomes the need for manual padding by adding enough spaces to each line on the right side to ensure all lines have the same number of characters.
      • Example: char('string 1', 'string 2', 'string 3').

    char Function: Example Usage

    • Example:
      • question=char('Romeo, Romeo,', 'Wherefore art thou', 'Romeo?') creates a multi-line string, where each line has exactly 18 characters due to the added space characters.

    Matrices: Appending Elements

    • To append matrices, the dimensions must match:
      • Adding a matrix to the right side of another matrix requires the same number of rows for both matrices.
      • Adding a matrix to the bottom of another matrix requires the same number of columns for both matrices.

    Matrices: Appending Example

    • Examples:
      • Z=[A2 B2] appends matrix B2 to the right of A2. Both have the same number of rows.
      • Z=[A2; C2] appends matrix C2 below matrix A2. Both have the same number of columns.
      • Z=[A2; B2] throws an error because A2 and B2 have different number of columns.

    Matrix: Unassigned Elements

    • Unassigned elements in matrices are set to zero by default.

    • Example:

      • Matrix BG initially has only a few elements populated. When a new element BG(3,4) = 15 is assigned, the other elements retain their default value of zero.

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    Description

    This quiz covers built-in functions in MATLAB for handling arrays and strings. It focuses on creating square matrices, extracting main diagonals, and understanding string functionalities. Test your knowledge on these essential MATLAB concepts!

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