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Questions and Answers
In monogamous relationships, what characterizes the mating system?
In monogamous relationships, what characterizes the mating system?
- One female mates with multiple males
- One male mates with one female (correct)
- Multiple males mate with multiple females
- One male mates with multiple females
Which mating system involves one male mating with many females?
Which mating system involves one male mating with many females?
- Polyandry
- Promiscuity
- Polygyny (correct)
- Monogamy
In polyandrous species, which gender is typically more showy?
In polyandrous species, which gender is typically more showy?
- Males
- Females (correct)
- Both genders
- Neither gender
What is the influence of the certainty of paternity on parental behavior?
What is the influence of the certainty of paternity on parental behavior?
What factor often constrains the evolution of mating systems according to the provided information?
What factor often constrains the evolution of mating systems according to the provided information?
What is true about parental care in species that produce many offspring?
What is true about parental care in species that produce many offspring?
In intersexual selection, what do members of one sex do?
In intersexual selection, what do members of one sex do?
What is a cognitive map?
What is a cognitive map?
What is an example of intrasexual selection?
What is an example of intrasexual selection?
What does classical conditioning involve?
What does classical conditioning involve?
Which type of learning involves animals associating one of their behaviors with a consequence?
Which type of learning involves animals associating one of their behaviors with a consequence?
What is cognition in animals primarily related to?
What is cognition in animals primarily related to?
Which of the following statements about associative learning is correct?
Which of the following statements about associative learning is correct?
In the context of the digger wasps' experiment, what was concluded?
In the context of the digger wasps' experiment, what was concluded?
What is operant conditioning best described as?
What is operant conditioning best described as?
What can cognitive maps help animals do?
What can cognitive maps help animals do?
How does the diet during larval development influence mate choice in Drosophila mojavensis?
How does the diet during larval development influence mate choice in Drosophila mojavensis?
What was the primary objective of William Etges’ experiment with Drosophila mojavensis?
What was the primary objective of William Etges’ experiment with Drosophila mojavensis?
What mating trend was observed in Sonoran females raised on artificial medium?
What mating trend was observed in Sonoran females raised on artificial medium?
What happened to the mating preferences of Sonoran females raised on cactus medium?
What happened to the mating preferences of Sonoran females raised on cactus medium?
Which of the following statements about the experimental setup is true?
Which of the following statements about the experimental setup is true?
What coloration do female guppies prefer in male guppies?
What coloration do female guppies prefer in male guppies?
What behavior do vervet monkeys exhibit in relation to alarm calls?
What behavior do vervet monkeys exhibit in relation to alarm calls?
What effect does the presence of another female have on female guppies' preferences?
What effect does the presence of another female have on female guppies' preferences?
What is the primary method by which infant vervet monkeys learn to adjust their alarm calls?
What is the primary method by which infant vervet monkeys learn to adjust their alarm calls?
In the experimental sample, who engages in courtship with less orange male guppies?
In the experimental sample, who engages in courtship with less orange male guppies?
What characteristic is typical of alarm calls in vervet monkeys?
What characteristic is typical of alarm calls in vervet monkeys?
What does the preference of female guppies for male coloration suggest about their mating behavior?
What does the preference of female guppies for male coloration suggest about their mating behavior?
How does the context of female guppies change their preference for male coloration?
How does the context of female guppies change their preference for male coloration?
What is an example of kin selection and altruism in animals?
What is an example of kin selection and altruism in animals?
What defines reciprocal altruism?
What defines reciprocal altruism?
How can culture be defined in the context of social learning?
How can culture be defined in the context of social learning?
Which behavior describes mate choice copying?
Which behavior describes mate choice copying?
What is typically a characteristic of altruistic behavior?
What is typically a characteristic of altruistic behavior?
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Study Notes
Mating Systems
- Monogamous relationships involve one male mating with one female.
- Polygyny is when one male mates with multiple females.
- Polyandry is when one female mates with multiple males
Parental Care
- The needs of offspring are a key factor in the evolution of mating systems.
- The certainty of paternity can affect parental care, as well as mating behavior.
- In species with large offspring, parental care is more likely to be shared between males and females.
Sexual Selection
- In intersexual selection, members of one sex select mates based on certain characteristics.
- In Intrasexual selection, members of the same sex compete for mates.
Mate Choice by Females
- Male zebra finches are often more ornate than females, which might influence female mate choice.
Environmental Influences
- The type of food eaten during larval development can influence mate choice in females.
Animal Cognition
- A cognitive map is an internal representation of spatial relationships in an animal's environment.
Associative Learning
- Associative learning occurs when animals associate one feature with another in their environments.
- Classical conditioning is a type of associative learning in which a stimulus is associated with a reward or punishment.
- Operant conditioning is a type of associative learning in which a behavior is associated with a reward or punishment.
Cognition and Problem Solving
- Cognition involves the ability to perceive, store, process and use information gathered through sensory receptors.
Altruism
- Kin selection is a type of altruistic behavior that benefits relatives.
- Reciprocal altruism is a type of altruistic behavior towards unrelated individuals, which can be adaptive if a reciprocal favor is likely in the future.
Social Learning
- Social learning is the basis for cultural development.
- Culture is defined as a system of information transfer, through observation or teaching, that influences behavior in a population.
Mate Choice Copying
- Mate choice copying occurs when individuals copy the mate choices of others.
- This behavior has been studied in the guppy, where females prefer males with certain characteristics.
Social Learning of Alarm Calls
- Vervet monkeys produce a complex set of alarm calls.
- Infant verver monkeys learn to fine-tune their alarm calls over time.
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