Maternal Trauma and Cardiac Arrest Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What should be done first if major primary survey problems are present in a patient?

  • Undertake blue light transfer with pre-alert (correct)
  • Consider transport to a maternity unit
  • Administer analgesics immediately
  • Request police assistance if required
  • Why is it important to transport a pregnant woman beyond 20 weeks gestation in a lateral position?

  • To prevent compression of the vena cava and aorta (correct)
  • To comfort the patient during transport
  • To ensure better access to medical equipment
  • To reduce the risk of car accident injuries
  • In the case of significant decreased consciousness in a pregnant woman, what intervention is necessary?

  • Perform manual uterine displacement to the right
  • Administer high doses of oxygen instantly
  • Increase fluid intake immediately
  • Call for additional crew and maintain left uterine displacement (correct)
  • What key information should be gathered regarding the pregnancy during assessment?

    <p>Details on any abdominal pain and vaginal blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in managing a pregnant woman exhibiting signs of shock?

    <p>Call for advanced clinical assistance early</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect should be prioritized in the transportation of a pregnant woman experiencing complications?

    <p>Utilize appropriate transport means according to trauma protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the ePCR documentation when managing a pregnant woman?

    <p>Details of manual uterine displacement if performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing the capacity of a pregnant patient and gaining consent, what is paramount?

    <p>Determining the patient's understanding of their situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is considered the leading indirect cause of maternal death?

    <p>Cardiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of pregnancy does the risk of compression of the inferior vena cava become significant?

    <p>After 20 weeks gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital sign change is typically the first to occur in response to a traumatic incident in a maternity patient?

    <p>Increased respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of manual displacement in the management of maternal cardiac arrest?

    <p>To reduce aortocaval compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change occurs during pregnancy related to blood volume?

    <p>Blood volume increases by 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the SBAR communication method, what does the 'R' stand for?

    <p>Recommendation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of maternal trauma that holds a high risk for placental abruption?

    <p>Road traffic collisions (RTCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be included in the background portion of the SBAR communication?

    <p>Reason for admission and relevant history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs indicates the last vital change to occur in trauma situations for maternity patients?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if maternal trauma and cardiac arrest occur?

    <p>Complete a rapid review with the maternity team using a datix report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is NEWS2 applicable when assessing maternity patients?

    <p>It is not validated for use in pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors should be considered due to the altered physiology in maternity patients?

    <p>Increased oxygen demand and cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should always be considered when domestic or sexual abuse is suspected in a maternity trauma case?

    <p>Safeguarding measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary considerations when managing a patient in cardiac arrest who is visibly pregnant?

    <p>Prioritize maternal stabilization over fetal assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a necessary step in managing a maternal patient with suspected abuse?

    <p>Make a safeguarding referral as required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized regarding calling for additional help in maternity emergencies?

    <p>Help should be requested early, with a focus on balancing risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym 'IOL' refer to in maternal care?

    <p>Induction of labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is parity defined in maternity terminology?

    <p>Number of live births or stillbirths after 24 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'VBAC'?

    <p>Vaginal Birth after Cesarean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'PP' indicate in a maternal context?

    <p>Placenta Previa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is denoted by the acronym 'PIH'?

    <p>Pregnancy Induced Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Maternal Trauma and Cardiac Arrest

    • Cardiac disease is the leading indirect cause of maternal death in the UK; exacerbated by pregnancy.
    • Trauma accounts for 5% of maternal deaths; most fatalities occur within 42 days postpartum.
    • Maternal mortality in London is double the national average.

    Maternal Considerations in Trauma

    • Inferior vena cava compression risk increases after 20 weeks of gestation, necessitating manual uterine displacement.
    • Signs of shock may not appear until more than 35% blood volume is lost.
    • High risk of placental abruption can arise 3-4 days after trauma.
    • Consider potential safeguarding issues if domestic or sexual abuse is suspected.

    Maternal Physiology Changes

    • Blood volume and cardiac output increase by 50% during pregnancy.
    • Blood pressure typically decreases by 10 mmHg.
    • The growing uterus can compress major blood vessels, potentially complicating airway management.

    Assessment and Monitoring

    • NEWS2 scoring is not validated for pregnant patients; abnormal vital signs indicate late-stage deterioration.
    • Lower threshold for transferring maternity patients compared to general population standards.

    Red Flags in Maternity Trauma

    • Increased respiratory rate (>21) and heart rate (>110) are early indicators of distress.
    • Other critical signs include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, reduced fetal movements, and hypotension.

    Management Protocols

    • Use DR CAcBCDE guidelines: address problems, don PPE, and consider police involvement if necessary.
    • Major survey issues are time-critical; transport rapidly for hemodynamic instability with blue light transfer.
    • Collect additional history related to abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, pregnancy complications, and fetal movements.

    Patient Transport Considerations

    • Pregnant patients over 20 weeks should be transported in a lateral position to mitigate aortocaval compression.
    • Use manual displacement of the uterus if consciousness is significantly decreased and maintain displacement.

    Advanced Clinical Interventions

    • Seek advanced clinical assistance for any sign of shock; prioritize rapid transfer to an obstetric unit if needed.
    • Do not delay on scene for assistance if patient needs immediate care.

    Maternal Cardiac Arrest Causes

    • Commonly triggered by heart failure, hypovolaemia, anaphylaxis, embolism, or sepsis.

    Management for Cardiac Arrest

    • For patients over 20 weeks, implement manual displacement and ALS protocols immediately.
    • Early engagement of critical care teams is vital to enhance chances of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

    Communication Protocol (SBAR)

    • Situation: Clearly state your identity and the alert level concerning the patient.
    • Background: Provide a concise history and risk status.
    • Assessment: Conduct an A-G Assessment with clinical impressions.
    • Recommendations: Clearly indicate immediate needs or actions required.

    Additional Notes

    • Urgent datix is necessary for maternal trauma and cardiac arrest cases for rapid maternity team assessment.
    • Engage with available resources for further training and updates including Fire Safety guidelines, maternity webinars, and relevant reports.

    Summary

    • Recognize altered physiology in maternity patients; late signs of deterioration are common.
    • Be aware of systemic pressures from pregnancy, including a large uterus and elevated cardiac output.
    • Always consider safeguarding referrals for suspected abuse.
    • Request assistance early but prioritize patient safety over waiting for additional resources.

    Maternal Acronyms

    • Gravida (G): Total count of pregnancies, including the current one.
    • Parity (P): Number of births after 24 weeks, including live or stillborn; twin births count as one event.
    • Gestation (Gest): Refers to the duration of the pregnancy.
    • Induction of Labour (IOL): A medical intervention to stimulate childbirth.
    • Assisted Rupture of Membranes (ARM): A procedure to intentionally rupturing the amniotic sac.
    • Female Infant / Male Infant (FI / MI): Classification of newborns by sex.
    • Lower Segment C Section (LSCS): A surgical procedure for delivering a baby through the lower segment of the uterus.
    • Emergency C Section (EmCS): A C-section performed under urgent circumstances.
    • Elective C Section (ElCS): A planned C-section that is scheduled in advance.
    • Vaginal Birth after Caesarean (VBAC): A vaginal delivery attempt following a previous C-section; associated with scar dehiscence risk.
    • Trial of Scar (TOS): An attempt at VBAC while monitoring the integrity of the previous surgical scar.
    • Pre-eclampsia Toxaemia (PET): A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system.
    • Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH): High blood pressure that develops during pregnancy.
    • Intra-uterine Death (IUD): The death of a fetus during the second or third trimester.
    • Still Birth (SB): The birth of a baby that has died in the womb after 24 weeks.
    • Neonatal Death (NND): The death of a live-born baby within the first 28 days of life.
    • Group B Strep infection (GBS): A bacterial infection that can be passed from mother to baby during childbirth.
    • Breech Presentation (Br): A birth position where the baby is positioned to deliver buttocks or feet first.
    • Transverse Lie (Trans): A fetal position where the baby lies sideways in the uterus.
    • Cephalic / Vertex Presentation (Ceph): The most common position for delivery, where the baby is head down.
    • Occiput Posterior (OP): A position where the baby’s back is facing the mother's back (back-to-back).
    • Occiput Anterior (OA): A favorable position for delivery with the baby’s face facing the mother’s back.
    • Placenta Previa (PP): A condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.
    • Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD): The typical birth process through the vaginal canal.
    • Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes (SROM): The natural breaking of the amniotic sac during labor.

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    Related Documents

    Maternal Acronyms Handout PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the critical aspects of maternal trauma, including anatomy, physiology, and the specific assessment and management of pregnant patients in distress. It highlights key modifications needed for effective care in traumatic situations and during cardiac arrest. Suitable for health professionals aiming to enhance their knowledge in maternal health emergencies.

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