Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these are types of barrier methods? (Select all that apply)
Which of these are types of barrier methods? (Select all that apply)
A client must be fitted every ___ years for a diaphragm.
A client must be fitted every ___ years for a diaphragm.
2
What must be used in addition to diaphragms?
What must be used in addition to diaphragms?
A diaphragm must remain in place for ___ hours after intercourse.
A diaphragm must remain in place for ___ hours after intercourse.
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Spermicide must be used with a diaphragm for each act of intercourse.
Spermicide must be used with a diaphragm for each act of intercourse.
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What are side effects of hormonal methods (oral, patch, Nuva Ring) of contraception?
What are side effects of hormonal methods (oral, patch, Nuva Ring) of contraception?
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Smokers should not take which of the following?
Smokers should not take which of the following?
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Definition of infertility: the inability to conceive after trying for ___ months.
Definition of infertility: the inability to conceive after trying for ___ months.
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What does Naegele's rule calculate?
What does Naegele's rule calculate?
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What is the expected weight gain range for a pregnant woman who is a normal weight?
What is the expected weight gain range for a pregnant woman who is a normal weight?
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Mothers who are breastfeeding after pregnancy need extra daily calories.
Mothers who are breastfeeding after pregnancy need extra daily calories.
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What is the expected extra calorie intake per day for the 2nd trimester?
What is the expected extra calorie intake per day for the 2nd trimester?
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When is amniocentesis usually done?
When is amniocentesis usually done?
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What is the main symptom of an ectopic pregnancy?
What is the main symptom of an ectopic pregnancy?
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Complete placenta previa means the cervix is completely covered by the placental attachment.
Complete placenta previa means the cervix is completely covered by the placental attachment.
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What is considered a sign of severe pre-eclampsia?
What is considered a sign of severe pre-eclampsia?
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The risks associated with amniocentesis include ___, hemorrhage, infection, and miscarriage.
The risks associated with amniocentesis include ___, hemorrhage, infection, and miscarriage.
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Study Notes
Barrier Methods of Contraception
- Types include condoms and diaphragms.
- A diaphragm requires fitting every 2 years.
- Refitting is necessary after weight gain of 15 pounds, a full-term pregnancy, or a second-term abortion.
- Spermicide must be used with diaphragms for each act of intercourse.
- A diaphragm should remain in place for 6 hours post-intercourse.
Hormonal Methods of Contraception
- Side effects include chest pain, shortness of breath (SOB), leg pain (indicating potential clot), headaches, eye issues, and hypertension.
- Risks involve blood clots, leading to strokes or pulmonary embolisms, and hypertension.
- Smokers should avoid hormonal contraceptives due to increased risks.
- Contraindications include a history of blood clots, strokes, cardiac issues, breast or estrogen-related cancers, and being a smoker.
Specific Contraceptive Options
- Depo-Provera is an injectable progestin that may decrease bone mineral density; clients should intake adequate calcium and vitamin D.
- Intrauterine devices (IUDs) can increase the risk for pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine perforation, and ectopic pregnancies.
- IUD users should monitor for increased string length, foul-smelling discharge, pain during intercourse, fever, or chills.
Pregnancy and Infertility
- Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of trying.
- Initial workup for infertility includes sperm analysis for males followed by tests for females if necessary.
- Allergies to iodine or seafood need to be checked before tests with dye.
Signs of Pregnancy
- Presumptive signs include amenorrhea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, urinary frequency, breast changes, and quickening.
- Probable signs consist of abdominal enlargement, softening of the uterus (Hegar sign), bluish coloration of the cervix (Chadwick's sign), and fetal movements felt by an examiner.
- Positive signs are definitive, including hearing fetal heart sounds or seeing the baby via ultrasound.
Weight Gain and Nutrition in Pregnancy
- Recommended weight gain is 25-35 pounds for normal weight women, 15-25 pounds for overweight women, and 28-40 pounds for underweight women.
- In the first trimester, weight gain should not exceed 2-4 pounds.
- From the second trimester, a weight gain of about 1 pound per week is expected.
- Extra caloric intake during pregnancy is 340 calories per day in the second trimester and 450 calories per day in the third.
- Lactating mothers require an additional 300-400 calories per day.
- Folic acid is vital for preventing neural tube defects; sources include dark green leafy vegetables and orange juice.
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
- Biophysical profile (BPP) scores fetal health from 0-10 based on heart rate, breathing, movements, tone, and amniotic fluid volume.
- Nonstress tests measure fetal heart rate response to movement; a reactive result indicates healthy fetal well-being.
- Contraction stress tests check fetal heart rate during contractions for late decelerations, potentially indicating distress.
Pregnancy Complications
- Amniocentesis (14 weeks) and chorionic villus sampling (10-12 weeks) are tests for genetic abnormalities.
- Ectopic pregnancies involve implantation outside the uterus, often presenting with unilateral pain.
- Molar pregnancies result in abnormal proliferation of placental tissue, characterized by dark brown bleeding.
- Placenta previa can cause painless bright red bleeding during the second or third trimester.
- Abruptio placenta indicates premature separation of the placenta, leading to painful bleeding and serious complications.
Gestational Conditions
- Hyperemesis gravidarum involves excessive nausea and vomiting; treatment may include IV fluids and antiemetics.
- Gestational diabetes screening occurs between 24-28 weeks, beginning with a glucose tolerance test that requires fasting for the second test.
- Gestational hypertension arises from vasospasms, presenting with high blood pressure without urinary protein.
- Pre-eclampsia includes high blood pressure and proteinuria, while severe cases manifest with additional symptoms like hyperreflexia and vision changes.
HELLP Syndrome
- Characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet counts, HELLP syndrome is a serious condition in pregnancy potentially leading to critical health issues.
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Description
This quiz covers important concepts related to barrier methods of contraception, particularly focusing on diaphragms and condoms. It includes essential information about fitting schedules and reasons for refitting. Perfect for nursing students preparing for Maternal Newborn subjects.
