Podcast
Questions and Answers
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is characterized by nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration that is prolonged past the ______ week.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum is characterized by nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration that is prolonged past the ______ week.
12th
Ketonuria occurs because of ______ breakdown.
Ketonuria occurs because of ______ breakdown.
fat
Polyneuritis may occur due to deficiency of vitamin _____.
Polyneuritis may occur due to deficiency of vitamin _____.
B
Ketonuria may be caused by deficient caloric intake or burning more than what you eat; it may also be due to ______ diabetes.
Ketonuria may be caused by deficient caloric intake or burning more than what you eat; it may also be due to ______ diabetes.
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IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) may lead to ______ birth.
IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) may lead to ______ birth.
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Urine tests in pregnancy may test positive for ketones due to the increased energy usage of pregnant women resulting from _______.
Urine tests in pregnancy may test positive for ketones due to the increased energy usage of pregnant women resulting from _______.
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Infection may occur from use of unsterile materials in performing ______. It requires immediate attention as the patient may die.
Infection may occur from use of unsterile materials in performing ______. It requires immediate attention as the patient may die.
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Fertilization – occurs in the distal third of the fallopian tube after the union of the ovum and ______.
Fertilization – occurs in the distal third of the fallopian tube after the union of the ovum and ______.
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Miscarriage – spontaneous ______ of less than 12 weeks gestation.
Miscarriage – spontaneous ______ of less than 12 weeks gestation.
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During pregnancy, the uterine walls develop into the ______. This progression is the thickening of the endometrium which allows safe implantation of the embryo.
During pregnancy, the uterine walls develop into the ______. This progression is the thickening of the endometrium which allows safe implantation of the embryo.
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The cervix does not have this endometrial lining, which causes early abortion of ectopic pregnancies located in the cervical region; Usually around the first ______.
The cervix does not have this endometrial lining, which causes early abortion of ectopic pregnancies located in the cervical region; Usually around the first ______.
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If the zygote grows large enough, the fallopian tube will ______.
If the zygote grows large enough, the fallopian tube will ______.
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______ Pregnancy – pregnancy that has gone undetected until halfway through and sometimes, even until labor or delivery.
______ Pregnancy – pregnancy that has gone undetected until halfway through and sometimes, even until labor or delivery.
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Cullen’s sign – bluish tinge or bruising within the peri-umbilical region. Extensive/ dull vaginal and abdominal pain. The blood within peritoneal cavity causes irritation of the phrenic nerve in the diaphragm, resulting in referred pain to the patient’s shoulders. Adler’s sign – allows the distinction between appendicitis and issues related to the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Fixed abdominal tenderness. When pressed on the right abdomen, the patient complains of pain. When pressed on the left abdomen, pain in the right side occurs. ______.
Cullen’s sign – bluish tinge or bruising within the peri-umbilical region. Extensive/ dull vaginal and abdominal pain. The blood within peritoneal cavity causes irritation of the phrenic nerve in the diaphragm, resulting in referred pain to the patient’s shoulders. Adler’s sign – allows the distinction between appendicitis and issues related to the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Fixed abdominal tenderness. When pressed on the right abdomen, the patient complains of pain. When pressed on the left abdomen, pain in the right side occurs. ______.
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______ – pain when pressed. Rebound tenderness – pain when pressure is released.
______ – pain when pressed. Rebound tenderness – pain when pressure is released.
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Placental abruption induces labor, regardless of the term. The cause of placental abruption is unknown in most cases. However, it is closely associated with maternal hypertension, abdominal trauma, and substance misuse. Onset – refers to the manner of the separation. Acute – abrupt separation and usually has a larger detachment; profuse bleeding. Chronic – gradual separation; marginal sinus rupture. ______.
Placental abruption induces labor, regardless of the term. The cause of placental abruption is unknown in most cases. However, it is closely associated with maternal hypertension, abdominal trauma, and substance misuse. Onset – refers to the manner of the separation. Acute – abrupt separation and usually has a larger detachment; profuse bleeding. Chronic – gradual separation; marginal sinus rupture. ______.
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Pain – the patient will complain of pain related to the contractions brought about by labor. ______.
Pain – the patient will complain of pain related to the contractions brought about by labor. ______.
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The ______ barked.
The ______ barked.
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Study Notes
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Characterized by prolonged nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration beyond the 12th week of pregnancy
- Affects 1 in every 200-300 women
- May lead to ketonuria, dehydration, and weight loss
Assessments
- Nausea and vomiting:
- Elevated hematocrit concentrations due to excessive fluid loss or inability to maintain fluids
- Lower sodium, potassium, and chloride levels due to electrolyte imbalances
- Hypokalemic Alkalosis (potassium deficiency)
- Polyneuritis may occur due to vitamin B deficiency
- Urine Tests:
- May test positive for ketones due to increased energy usage or fat breakdown
- May lead to Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth
Placental Complications
- Abruptio Placentae/ Placental Abruption:
- Sudden separation of a normally implanted placenta after 20 weeks
- Causes labor regardless of term
- Direct tenderness and rebound tenderness may occur
- Cause of placental abruption unknown in most cases, but associated with:
- Maternal hypertension
- Abdominal trauma
- Substance misuse
Clinical Presentations
- Pain: related to contractions caused by labor
- Infection may occur due to unsterile materials used in abortion, requiring immediate attention
Fertilization and Implantation
- Fertilization occurs in the distal third of the fallopian tube
- Implantation occurs on the uterine walls after fertilization
- Decidua development: thickening of the endometrium for safe implantation of the embryo
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Pregnancy implanted outside the uterine cavity
- Symptoms:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Amenorrhea
- Vaginal bleeding
- Hypertrophy from hormones
- Assessments:
- Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging effective in detecting ectopic pregnancies
- Rupture can cause severe peritoneal bleeding
- Tubal abortions may occur if the embryo is expelled into the peritoneal cavity
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Description
Test your knowledge on Hyperemesis Gravidarum, a complication that may occur during pregnancy, characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. Learn about the assessments and symptoms associated with this condition.
