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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the luteal phase of the female reproductive cycle?
During which phase of the reproductive cycle does ovulation occur?
What marks the first day of a woman's reproductive cycle?
What hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?
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What occurs if significant deviations from the typical 28-day cycle happen?
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Which hormones are involved in stimulating follicular development?
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What is the approximate duration of a normal female reproductive cycle?
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What triggers a slight fall in follicular estrogen production prior to ovulation?
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What percentage of young mothers in Jordan sought antenatal care during their pregnancies?
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What proportion of births in Jordan occur in hospitals or clinics?
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Which method of contraception is most commonly used among Jordanian women?
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What is the percentage of married women aged 15-49 in Jordan who use any form of contraception?
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By the time of the survey, what percentage of young wives had begun childbearing?
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What is the average number of children young men in Jordan desire to have?
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What percentage of those over the age of 15 in Jordan can name a method of contraception?
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Which group has significantly lower knowledge of contraceptive methods in Jordan?
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What does the indicator 'Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel' measure?
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Which of the following services are included in Basic Essential Obstetric Care?
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What does the term 'Comprehensive Essential Obstetric Care' encompass?
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What is measured by the Prevalence of Anemia in Women indicator?
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How is the Perinatal Mortality Rate defined?
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What does the indicator on 'HIV Prevalence in Pregnant Women' specifically track?
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What criterion defines the Prevalence of Infertility in Women indicator?
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Which best describes the purpose of measuring 'Percentage of Obstetric and Gynecological Admissions Owing to Abortion'?
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Study Notes
Antenatal Care Coverage
- Percentage of women attended at least once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel
Births Attended by Skilled Health Personnel
- Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel
- Excludes births attended by traditional birth attendants
Availability of Basic Essential Obstetric Care
- Number of facilities with functioning basic essential obstetric care per 500,000 population
- Essential obstetric care includes:
- Parenteral antibiotics
- Parenteral oxytocic drugs
- Parenteral sedatives for eclampsia
- Manual removal of placenta
- Manual removal of retained products
- Assisted vaginal delivery
- These services can be given at a health center level
Availability of Comprehensive Essential Obstetric Care
- Number of facilities with functioning comprehensive essential obstetric care per 500,000 population
- Includes obstetric surgery, anesthesia, and blood transfusion facilities
Perinatal Mortality Rate
- Number of perinatal deaths per 1000 total births
- Perinatal deaths occur during late pregnancy, during childbirth, and up to seven completed days of life
- Deaths between 22 weeks of gestation and the end of the first week after birth
Prevalence of Anemia in Women
- Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-45) screened for hemoglobin levels
- Hemoglobin levels below 11 g/dl for pregnant women
- Hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women
Percentage of Obstetric and Gynecological Admissions Owing to Abortion
- Percentage of all cases admitted to service delivery points providing in-patient obstetric and gynecological services due to abortion
- Includes spontaneous and induced abortions
Prevalence of Infertility in Women
- Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49) at risk of pregnancy who report trying for a pregnancy for two years or more
- Includes women who are not pregnant, not using contraception, and not lactating
HIV Prevalence in Pregnant Women
- Percentage of pregnant women (15-24) attending antenatal clinics who are sero-positive for HIV
- Women must have been screened for HIV through a blood test
Jordan's Reproductive Health
- 15% of women aged 25-49 years married under the age of 18
- Child marriage among Jordanians increased between 2012-2015
- Child marriage among Syrian women was particularly high between 2012-2015, increasing from 35.3% to 43.8%
- Adolescent marriage has increased, with 10% of married women aged 15-18 years married under the age of 15
Jordan's Contraceptive Use
- 29% of married women aged 15-49 use any form of contraception
- 19% use modern methods like the IUD or the pill
- The IUD is the most common method (29%) followed by the pill (13%)
Jordan's Antenatal Care
- 87% of young mothers sought antenatal care
- Nearly all births (98%) occur in hospitals or clinics
Jordan: Child Marriage and Motherhood
- 81% of young wives had begun childbearing at the time of the survey
- 89% of girls married in childhood have children
Jordan: Fertility Preferences
- Young men want larger families (average 3.9 children) than young women (average 3.3 children)
Jordan: Family Planning Knowledge
- Only 37% of those over the age of 15 can name a method of contraception
- Adolescent boys are less knowledgeable about contraception than young women (16% vs. 62%)
Implantation
- Embedding of a fertilized egg into the uterine wall
Female Reproductive Cycle
- Regular and recurrent changes in the anterior pituitary secretions, ovaries, and uterine endometrium
- Prepares the body for pregnancy
- Also referred to as the menstrual cycle
- Menstruation marks the beginning and end of each cycle if pregnancy does not occur
- Cycle durations range from 20-45 days, with 28 days being the average
Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle
- Key Hormones:
- Estrogen: Stimulates growth of the uterine lining and development of secondary sexual characteristics
- Progesterone: Maintains the uterine lining for pregnancy
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates follicle development
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation and corpus luteum formation
The Ovarian Cycle
-
Follicular Phase: Development of follicles in the ovaries
- Period during which an ovum matures
- Begins with the first day of menstruation
- Ends approximately 14 days later in a 28-day cycle
-
Ovulation: Mid-cycle release of the mature ovum
- Approximately 2 days before ovulation, LH secretion rises markedly
- FSH secretion also rises, but less so than LH
- LH and FSH surges cause a fall in follicular estrogen production and a rise in progesterone secretion
- This stimulates final maturation of a single follicle and release of its ovum
-
Luteal Phase: Formation of the corpus luteum, which secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining
- After ovulation, under the influence of LH, the remaining cells of the old follicle persist for approximately 12 days as a corpus luteum
- The corpus luteum produces progesterone and estrogen
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Description
Test your knowledge on key statistics related to maternal health care, including antenatal care coverage and the availability of essential obstetric services. This quiz covers the importance of skilled health personnel in pregnancy and childbirth, as well as the accessibility of comprehensive care facilities. Evaluate your understanding of these critical health indicators.
