Child and Maternal Health Statistics

Child Mortality

• 43 deaths per 1,000 live births is the infant mortality rate in 2016
• 67 deaths per 1,000 live births is the under-five mortality rate in 2016
• Child mortality rates have declined significantly since 2000, but rural areas still have higher rates
• Pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, and measles are the major causes of child mortality

Maternal Health

• Maternal mortality ratio is 412 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017
• Only 28% of births are attended by skilled health professionals in 2016
• 34% of women received antenatal care in 2016
• 25% of women gave birth in a health institution in 2016
• Maternal mortality is disproportionately high in rural areas and among poor and uneducated women

Family Planning

• Total fertility rate is 4.3 children per woman in 2016
• Contraceptive prevalence rate is 42% in 2016
• 25% of women have an unmet need for family planning in 2016
• Injectables, pills, and implants are the most popular modern contraceptive methods
• Family planning services are more accessible in urban areas

HIV/AIDS Prevalence

• HIV prevalence is 1.1% in 2016
• Women have a higher prevalence of HIV (1.3%) than men (0.9%)
• Addis Ababa has the highest prevalence of HIV (2.3%) and Somali region has the lowest (0.3%)
• 35% of women and 26% of men have been tested for HIV in 2016

Nutrition Indicators

• 38% of children under 5 are stunted in 2016
• 10% of children under 5 are wasted in 2016
• 25% of children under 5 are underweight in 2016
• 25% of women and 15% of men have anemia in 2016

Health Expenditure

• Total health expenditure is 4.5% of GDP in 2017
• 35% of total health expenditure is out-of-pocket in 2017
• Government health expenditure is 25% of total health expenditure in 2017

Surveys and Biomarkers

• Women's questionnaires cover reproductive health, family planning, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS
• Men's questionnaires cover reproductive health, family planning, and HIV/AIDS
• Biomarker questionnaires include tests for anemia, malaria, HIV, syphilis, and E.coli
• Biomarkers provide objective measures of health outcomes and risk factors