Maternal Health and Family Practices
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Family Centered Practice?

  • Emphasizing the role of the family in decision making (correct)
  • Focusing on individual needs without family input
  • Prioritizing patient autonomy over family input
  • Involvement of healthcare professionals in decision making

    • What does cultural competency primarily enable an individual to do?

  • Work effectively with clients from only one culture
  • Adopt culturally diverse practices without analysis
  • Function effectively with culturally diverse clients (correct)
  • Avoid discussions about cultural differences

    • What condition is characterized by high muscle tone?

  • Hypotonic
  • Dystrophin
  • Muscular Dystrophy
  • Hypertonic (correct)

    • What is the consequence of hyperglycemia in a pregnant mother?

    <p>Severe hypoglycemia in the infant after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy?

    <p>Transient hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dystrophin deficiency lead to in terms of muscle health?

    <p>Fragile muscles that are easily damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by hypertension occurring after the 20th week of gestation along with either proteinuria or edema?

    <p>Preeclampsia-eclampsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which risk factor is most commonly associated with preterm labor?

    <p>Trauma and abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines chronic hypertension?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure greater than 140/90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with maternal conditions during pregnancy?

    <p>Nutritional deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines preterm membrane rupture?

    <p>Infection of the amniotic membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can complicate preeclampsia?

    <p>Common hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical gestational age range for preterm labor to occur?

    <p>24-34 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant cause of maternal and fetal death associated with pregnancy?

    <p>Placental abruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a known complication of hyperemesis gravidarum?

    <p>Preterm labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of neonatal deaths is associated with preterm labor?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VLBW stand for?

    <p>Very Low Birth Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is related to low birth weight infants?

    <p>Retinopathy of Prematurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ROP stand for in neonatal conditions?

    <p>Retinopathy of Prematurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is a type of Muscular Dystrophy?

    <p>Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does ELBW refer to?

    <p>Extremely Low Birth Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding CP?

    <p>It is associated with low birth weight infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NEC stand for in neonatal care?

    <p>Necrotizing Enterocolitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of TLR in infant development?

    <p>Tonic Labyrinthe Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition occurs when the placenta implants low in the uterus and lies over the cervical opening?

    <p>Placenta Previa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding multiple gestation?

    <p>It significantly increases the risk of low birth weight and preterm labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of an abnormal presentation during labor?

    <p>Higher chance of cesarean delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of placenta abnormality occurs when it attaches itself to the muscular wall of the uterus?

    <p>Placenta Accrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best describes a condition of umbilical cord prolapse?

    <p>The cord presents before the fetus during labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of birth injury and defects?

    <p>Facial nerve palsy and fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does AGA stand for in relation to gestational age?

    <p>Appropriate for gestational age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to an infant being smaller than expected for the given gestational age?

    <p>SGA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Family Centered Practice

    • Emphasizes the role of the family in decision-making, believing parents know best.

    Cultural Competency

    • Behaviors and attitudes that enable individuals to work effectively with clients from diverse backgrounds.

    Muscle Tone

    • Hypertonic: High muscle tone.
    • Hypotonic: Low muscle tone

    Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

    • Characterized by the absence or low levels of dystrophin, a protein critical for muscle function.
    • Causes muscle fragility and damage.

    Maternal Conditions

    • Diabetes:
      • Hyperglycemia in the mother can lead to severe hypoglycemia in the infant after birth.
    • Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy:
      • Chronic hypertension.
      • Preeclampsia-eclampsia.
      • Pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension.
      • Transient hypertension.
    • Trauma & Abuse:
      • Preterm labor is the most common outcome.

    Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP)

    • Chronic Hypertension: Elevated blood pressure (≥ 140/90) present before pregnancy or before 20 weeks gestation.
    • Preeclampsia-eclampsia: Hypertension after 20 weeks gestation with proteinuria or edema.
    • Pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension: Preeclampsia complicating existing hypertension from conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or common hypertension.
    • Transient Hypertension: Gestational hypertension or hypertension in the later half of pregnancy. Affects 10-20% of pregnancies.

    Obstetric Conditions

    • Preterm Labor: Occurs between 24-34 weeks gestation. Contributes to 85% of neonatal deaths. Associated with placental hemorrhaging and hypertension.
    • Preterm Membrane Rupture: Premature rupture of the amniotic sac. Can lead to chorioamnionitis, a bacterial infection of the amniotic membranes.
    • Placental Abruption: Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. A significant cause of both maternal and fetal death.
    • Umbilical Cord Prolapse: Occurs when the umbilical cord descends into the birth canal ahead of the infant during labor. Can compress the cord, compromising blood flow to the fetus.

    Special Conditions

    • Abnormal Placentation:
      • Placenta Previa: Placenta is implanted low in the uterus and lies over the cervical opening.
      • Placenta Accrete: Placenta abnormally attaches itself to the muscular wall of the uterus.
    • Multiple Gestation: Significantly increases the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm labor.
    • Abnormal Presentation:
      • Breech: The fetal butt or lower extremities present during labor.
    • Birth Injury & Defects:
      • Facial nerve palsy.
      • Clavicle fracture.
      • Brachial plexus injury.

    Abbreviations

    • HEP: Home exercise program
    • IEP: Individualized Educational Program
    • ICF: International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
    • GA: Gestational age (age of embryo)
    • AGA: Appropriate for gestational age
    • SGA: Small for gestational age
    • LGA: Large for gestational age
    • LBW: Low birth weight
    • VLBW: Very low birth weight
    • ELBW: Extremely low birth weight
    • RDS: Respiratory distress syndrome
    • BPD: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
    • IVH: Intraventricular hemorrhage
    • PVL: Periventricular leukomalacia
    • ROP: Retinopathy of prematurity
    • NEC: Necrotizing enterocolitis
    • CP: Cerebral Palsy
    • TLR: Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex
    • MR: Mental Retardation
    • BLE/BUE: Both lower/upper extremities
    • MD: Muscular Dystrophy
    • BMD: Becker MD
    • DMD: Duchenne MD
    • FMD: Facioscapulohumeral MD
    • LGMS: Limb-girdle MD
    • MMD: Myotonic MD
    • CMD: Congenital MD
    • OMD: Oculopharyngeal MD
    • DD: Distal MD
    • EDMD: Emery Dreifuss MD
    • LOC: Loss of consciousness
    • JRA: Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
    • AMC: Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
    • IR: Internal rotation
    • ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder

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    Description

    Explore the critical aspects of maternal health, focusing on family-centered practices, cultural competency, and the impact of various maternal conditions like diabetes and hypertension. This quiz addresses muscle tone variations and muscular dystrophy, emphasizing their relevance in maternal and infant health. Understand the importance of cultural sensitivity in healthcare settings.

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