Maternal Care Antepartum Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the duration of a typical pregnancy measured in days?

  • 250 to 260 days
  • 267 to 280 days (correct)
  • 300 to 310 days
  • 290 to 300 days

How is the Age of Gestation (AOG) calculated?

  • Total months from LMP multiplied by 4
  • Total days from LMP divided by 7 (correct)
  • Total days from LMP divided by 30
  • Total weeks from LMP multiplied by 9

What is the first trimester of pregnancy defined as?

  • Weeks 13–26
  • Weeks 1–10
  • Weeks 1–12 (correct)
  • Weeks 27–40

What is the Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD) based on for determining delivery dates?

<p>Adding 9 months and 7 days to LMP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lunar months are typically considered in the duration of a pregnancy?

<p>10 lunar months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main goals of prenatal care?

<p>Promoting maternal health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the second trimester of pregnancy?

<p>Weeks 13–26 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically indicated by an EDC?

<p>Estimated Date of Confinement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the beginning of cervical dilation during true labor?

<p>Rupture of membranes (A), Dilation of the cervix up to 5 cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a sign of true labor?

<p>Presence of bloody show (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement differentiates true labor from false labor?

<p>Only true labor results in cervical dilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the effacing process of the cervix?

<p>Cervical shortening and thinning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are important for molding the fetal skull during delivery?

<p>Frontal and parietal bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting demographic data during a prenatal visit?

<p>To assess the pregnancy status using the GTPAL system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a prenatal visit is critical for determining fetal well-being?

<p>Evaluation of fetal heart sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'G' in the GTPAL system represent?

<p>Gravidity - total pregnancies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of documenting the Last Menstrual Period (LMP) during the initial interview?

<p>To provide a better assessment of the current pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a patient with four pregnancies, three of which have reached viability?

<p>G4, P3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically collected during the initial interview of a prenatal visit?

<p>Fetal heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes pregnancies that have reached viability, defined as greater than 24 weeks?

<p>Term births (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is included in the assessment of family history during a prenatal visit?

<p>Support systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Gravida' refer to in prenatal care?

<p>Total number of pregnancies experienced by a woman (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks of pregnancy are bi-monthly visits recommended for a normal pregnancy?

<p>32-36 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of visits for a high-risk pregnancy from 30 to 36 weeks AOG?

<p>Weekly visits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for a woman who is pregnant for the first time?

<p>Primigravida (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signifies a normal pregnancy in terms of prenatal visits during the first trimester?

<p>Visits as soon as possible after the missed menstrual period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component typically assessed during a prenatal visit?

<p>Mental health status evaluation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point during a high-risk pregnancy are visits typically held twice a week?

<p>From 37 weeks AOG until delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'menarche' refer to in the context of obstetrics?

<p>The first occurrence of menstruation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of expectant parenting classes for mothers?

<p>Stages of pregnancy and sibling education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for fetal assessment during pregnancy?

<p>Hydrotherapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a nonreactive non-stress test (NST) potentially indicate?

<p>Fetal hypoxia or fetal sleep cycle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of labor is referred to as the 'four Ps'?

<p>Passage, Passenger, Powers, Psyche (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the amniotic fluid assessment?

<p>To evaluate fetal lung maturity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to naturally induce contractions for fetal assessment?

<p>Nipple stimulation stress test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the 'Psyche' play in the components of labor?

<p>Affects the mother's attitude towards labor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern associated with hydrotherapy during childbirth?

<p>Contamination of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily triggers the initiation of uterine contractions during labor?

<p>Pressure from the fetal head on the cervix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that labor begins when the uterus distends beyond its normal capacity?

<p>Uterine stretch theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase follows the apex/acme of a uterine contraction?

<p>Decrescendo phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of contractions refers to the length of time each contraction lasts?

<p>Duration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is NOT considered a premonitory sign of labor?

<p>Increased appetite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of secondary power during labor?

<p>To facilitate voluntary maternal pushing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is a uterine relaxant that decreases as labor approaches?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by effacement during labor?

<p>The thinning and shortening of the cervix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Duration of Pregnancy

The period of time from conception to birth, typically ranging from 267 to 280 days (or 37 to 42 weeks) or 10 lunar months.

LMP

Last Menstrual Period, used to estimate the due date.

EDD

Estimated Date of Delivery, calculated from the last menstrual period.

EDC

Estimated Date of Confinement, similar to EDD.

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Age of Gestation (AOG)

The number of weeks and days of pregnancy, calculated from the last menstrual period to the date of consultation.

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First Trimester

Weeks 1–12 of pregnancy.

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Second Trimester

Weeks 13–26 of pregnancy.

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Third Trimester

Weeks 27–40 of pregnancy.

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Prenatal Care Goals

To promote maternal health and support healthy fetal development.

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EDB

Estimated Date of Birth, an approximation of when a baby is expected to be born.

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Gravida

Total number of pregnancies a woman has experienced, including current and prior pregnancies.

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Primigravida

A woman pregnant for the first time.

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Multigravida

A woman pregnant for the second or more time.

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Normal Pregnancy Visits

Prenatal visits at specific intervals depending on the gestational age of the pregnancy.

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High-Risk Pregnancy Visits

Frequent prenatal visits for pregnancies with elevated potential complications.

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Prenatal Visit Frequency

Frequency and schedule of prenatal visits depend on pregnancy risk levels, generally starting soon after a missed period and adjusting through the pregnancy stages.

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GTPAL System

A system used to classify pregnancy history. G = Gravidity, P = Parity, T = Term, P = Preterm, A = Abortions, L = Living, M = Multiple gestations.

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Gravidity (G)

The total number of pregnancies a woman has had, regardless of outcome.

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Parity (P)

The number of pregnancies that have reached viability (greater than 24 weeks).

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Prenatal Visit Components

Includes evaluation of fetal well-being, fetal heart sounds, initial interview (establishing rapport, history), demographic data, chief concern, LMP, family and medical history, and past illnesses.

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Demographic Data

Essential information about the patient, like name, age, contact info, insurance, religion, etc.

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Chief Concern

The main reason a patient is seeking prenatal care.

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LMP (Last Menstrual Period)

The date of the last menstrual period, crucial for estimating the due date.

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Family & Medical History

Gathering information about the patient's family health and personal medical history.

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Cesarean Birth Preparation

Preparing for a cesarean delivery, including expectant parenting classes.

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Leboyer Method

A birthing method emphasizing a darkened room, soft music, gentle handling, late cord cutting, and a warm water bath for the infant.

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Amniocentesis

A prenatal test performed after 14 weeks to check for genetic disorders, Rh sensitization, and fetal lung maturity.

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Non-Stress Test (NST)

Measures fetal heart rate in response to fetal movements to assess fetal well-being.

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Stress Test (OCT)

Tests fetal tolerance to contractions by administering oxytocin.

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Chorionic Villus Sampling

Tests a sample from the placenta for genetic disorders, usually done earlier than amniocentesis.

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Ultrasonography

Provides real-time images of the fetus to monitor development, detect abnormalities, and assess amniotic fluid.

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Biophysical Profile

Combines tests (like NST, fetal breathing, amniotic fluid) to assess overall fetal health.

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Intrapartum Period

The time from labor admission to the immediate postpartum period.

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Intrapartum Care

Care for women and newborns during labor and immediately after birth.

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Labor/Parturition

Expulsion of the fetus, placenta, and membranes.

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Components of Labor (Four P's)

Passage (pelvis/soft tissues), Passenger (baby/placenta), Powers (contractions), Psyche (maternal response).

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Cervix Softening

The cervix becomes softer and thinner, preparing for dilation during labor.

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Cervical Dilation

The widening of the cervical opening, measured in centimeters, during labor.

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Rupture of Membranes (ROM)

The breaking of the amniotic sac; leakage of amniotic fluid.

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Bloody Show

Blood-tinged mucus discharged from vagina, indicating cervical change.

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True Labor Contractions

Regular, intensifying uterine contractions that lead to cervical dilation.

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False Labor Contractions

Irregular contractions that don't lead to cervical dilation and usually subside with rest.

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Fetal Head

Largest part of the fetus, presenting first during delivery.

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Cranial Bones

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones of the skull.

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Fontanelles

Soft spots on a baby's head where cranial bones meet.

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Uterine Contractions

Involuntary, regular, tightening of the uterine muscles during labour, crucial for delivery.

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Delivery

The process of birth; the actual event of a baby being born.

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Primary Power

Involuntary uterine contractions, starting at the fundus.

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Secondary Power

Voluntary maternal pushing.

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Uterine Stretch Theory

Uterine stretching triggers contractions.

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Oxytocin Stimulation Theory

Fetal head pressure increases oxytocin, causing contractions.

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Progesterone Deprivation Theory

Progesterone drop leads to contractions.

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Prostaglandin Theory

Increased prostaglandins from the fetal membranes cause contractions.

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Aging Placenta Theory

Aging placenta reduces blood supply, causing contractions.

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Frequency (contractions)

Time between the start of one contraction and the next.

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Duration (contractions)

Length of a single contraction.

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Interval (contractions)

Rest period between contractions.

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Intensity (contractions)

Strength of the uterine contraction (measured).

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Effacement

Thinning and shortening of the cervix during labor.

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Study Notes

Care During Antepartum Period

  • Antepartum period is the time before labor and delivery, crucial for maternal and fetal health.
  • The goal is optimal maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Methods of estimating delivery date (EDD/EDC) include Naegele's Rule.
  • For LMP April-December, subtract 3 months, add 7 days, and add a year to the LMP.
  • For LMP January-March, add 9 months and 7 days to the LMP.
  • Age of gestation (AOG) is calculated from the last menstrual period (LMP) to the consultation date, dividing the days by seven to get weeks.
  • Key terms include EDD, EDC, EDB, gravida, gravidity, primigravida, multigravida.
  • Key terms also include parity, primipara, multipara, grand multipara, age of viability, abortion, preterm infant, post-term infant.

Duration of Pregnancy

  • Pregnancy generally lasts 267-280 days, approximately 37 to 42 weeks or 10 lunar months.
  • A lunar month is approximately 4 weeks.

Trimesters of Pregnancy

  • First trimester (weeks 1-12).
  • Second trimester (weeks 13-26).
  • Third trimester (weeks 27-40).

Goal of Prenatal Care

  • Promoting maternal health and fetal development.
  • Early detection and management of potential risks.
  • Educating mothers on labor, postpartum, and infant care.
  • Fostering self-efficacy and preparedness.

Schedule of Prenatal Visits

  • Frequency varies based on pregnancy risk level.
  • Normal pregnancy: monthly visits (0-32 weeks), bi-monthly (32-36 weeks), weekly (36-40 weeks).
  • High-risk pregnancy: every 2 weeks until 30 weeks, weekly from 30-36 weeks, twice a week from 37 weeks until delivery.

Components of Prenatal Visit

  • Establishing rapport and gathering significant medical and family history.
  • Demographic data collection
  • Chief concerns - LMP, early pregnancy signs
  • Family and medical history
  • History of past illnesses, allergies, and immunizations
  • Review of systems for overall health assessment.
  • Gynecologic history.

Care of a Woman: Prenatal Period (2)

  • Pelvic examinations, including external and internal genitalia assessment, cervical os appearance, vaginal inspection and rectovaginal examination.
  • Fetal activity assessment - Daily fetal movement count (DFMC), checking for 10-12 movements within an hour, usually starting from the 27th week of pregnancy.
  • Determining pelvic size types and characteristics (Gynecoid, Anthropoid, Platypelloid, Android).
  • Laboratory examinations like blood tests (CBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, VDRL, HIV, Rh factor, MSAFP).
  • Additional tests such as indirect Coombs test, RhoGAM (if indicated), urinalysis, and tuberculosis screening.
  • Vaccines for pregnant women: influenza, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis.

Psychological Tasks during Pregnancy

  • Acceptance of pregnancy during different stages.
  • Emotional responses- ambivalence, grief, narcissistic, introversion/extroversion, fluctuating body image and boundaries.
  • Emotional stressors include need for support and mood swings, couvade syndrome
  • Sexual desire changes

Health Promotion and Labor Preparations

  • Self-care, dental care, perineal hygiene, dressing, breast care.
  • Sexual activity considerations and precautions.
  • Work and travel precautions.
  • Exercise, sleep.
  • Preparing for childbirth (education classes) and pain management methods.
  • Preparing for cesarean birth, including various methods, and sibling education classes.

Intrapartum Period

  • Intrapartum care encompasses care from labor admission to the immediate postpartum.
  • Labor (parturition) and delivery processes.
  • The four "P's" of labor: Passage (pelvis and soft tissues), Passenger (fetus, placenta), Powers (uterine contractions), Psyche (mother's attitude).
  • Theories of labor: uterine stretch, oxytocin stimulation, progesterone deprivation, prostaglandin, aging placenta theory
  • Signs of true labor: rupture of membranes, bloody show, painful, regular uterine contractions.
  • Distinguishing between true and false labor.

Stages of Labor and Delivery

  • Stages of labor: first stage (dilatation), second stage (fetal expulsion), third stage (placental expulsion), fourth stage (puerperium/recovery).
  • Essential intrapartum care: mobility, pain techniques (effleurage), partograph to monitor labor, avoiding certain interventions unless necessary.
  • Second Stage
  • Third Stage and Placental expulsion signs and time duration
  • Fourth stage / Recovery period.

Important Pelvic Measurements

  • Diagonal conjugate, obstetrical conjugate, interspinous diameter, intertuberous diameter.
  • Types of pelvis (Gynecoid, Android, Anthropoid, Platypelloid).
  • Psychological response of the mother and importance of a positive outlook. 

Fetal presentation and position

  • Fetal lie (longitudinal, transverse), fetal attitude (flexion, extension), fetal presentation (vertex, brow, face, breech, footling breech).
  • Fetal position (e.g., LOA, ROP)
  • Diameters of the fetal skull.

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Maternal Care: Prenatal Period PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the antepartum period including key concepts such as estimating delivery dates, age of gestation, and important terminologies. Understand the significance of maternal and fetal health during this crucial phase of pregnancy. This quiz covers the duration of pregnancy and the trimesters involved.

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