Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of the Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) Program?
What is the primary goal of the Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) Program?
Which of the following statements about Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is accurate?
Which of the following statements about Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is accurate?
What does the continuous-action cycle in the MDSR program entail?
What does the continuous-action cycle in the MDSR program entail?
What percentage of maternal mortality is attributed to Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)?
What percentage of maternal mortality is attributed to Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the MDSR program?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the MDSR program?
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What is the primary focus of maternal health?
What is the primary focus of maternal health?
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Which of the following is NOT an objective of MCH services?
Which of the following is NOT an objective of MCH services?
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What does 'family planning' refer to in the context of MCH services?
What does 'family planning' refer to in the context of MCH services?
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What metric is the focus of Target 3.1 by 2030 related to maternal health?
What metric is the focus of Target 3.1 by 2030 related to maternal health?
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What constitutes direct maternal deaths?
What constitutes direct maternal deaths?
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Which of the following components is included in MCH services?
Which of the following components is included in MCH services?
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How is maternal death defined in the context of MCH services?
How is maternal death defined in the context of MCH services?
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What is the formula for calculating the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)?
What is the formula for calculating the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)?
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Which of the following is classified as a direct cause of maternal death?
Which of the following is classified as a direct cause of maternal death?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT considered an indirect maternal death?
Which of the following conditions is NOT considered an indirect maternal death?
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What is meant by indirect maternal deaths?
What is meant by indirect maternal deaths?
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Which year shows the highest maternal mortality rate based on the data provided?
Which year shows the highest maternal mortality rate based on the data provided?
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What does the term 'postpartum hemorrhage' refer to?
What does the term 'postpartum hemorrhage' refer to?
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of a complicated pregnancy that might lead to indirect maternal death?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of a complicated pregnancy that might lead to indirect maternal death?
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In which category would cardiovascular disease fall under concerning maternal mortality causes?
In which category would cardiovascular disease fall under concerning maternal mortality causes?
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Which of these factors is least likely to directly lead to maternal death?
Which of these factors is least likely to directly lead to maternal death?
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Which of the following statements correctly defines maternal sepsis?
Which of the following statements correctly defines maternal sepsis?
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What is the ultimate aim of the Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) program?
What is the ultimate aim of the Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) program?
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Which of the following statements about Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is true?
Which of the following statements about Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is true?
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What characteristic distinguishes the MDSR approach to maternal deaths?
What characteristic distinguishes the MDSR approach to maternal deaths?
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In which way does MDSR effectively contribute to reducing maternal mortality?
In which way does MDSR effectively contribute to reducing maternal mortality?
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What is a significant challenge associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)?
What is a significant challenge associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)?
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What is the primary focus of maternal health services?
What is the primary focus of maternal health services?
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Which component is NOT included in the primary objectives of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services?
Which component is NOT included in the primary objectives of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services?
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What is classified as maternal mortality according to WHO definitions?
What is classified as maternal mortality according to WHO definitions?
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What does the term 'perinatal mortality' typically refer to?
What does the term 'perinatal mortality' typically refer to?
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Which maternal health service component focuses primarily on care during pregnancy?
Which maternal health service component focuses primarily on care during pregnancy?
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Which of the following indicators is used to measure improvements in maternal health?
Which of the following indicators is used to measure improvements in maternal health?
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Which factor is associated with a higher risk of direct maternal deaths?
Which factor is associated with a higher risk of direct maternal deaths?
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What is the definition of indirect maternal deaths?
What is the definition of indirect maternal deaths?
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What does the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) specifically measure?
What does the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) specifically measure?
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Which of the following conditions is classified under indirect maternal deaths?
Which of the following conditions is classified under indirect maternal deaths?
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Which disease is noted as a cause of indirect maternal death that has gained prominence in recent years?
Which disease is noted as a cause of indirect maternal death that has gained prominence in recent years?
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In which year does the data suggest a noticeable reduction in the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
In which year does the data suggest a noticeable reduction in the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
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Which of the following factors is least associated with direct maternal deaths?
Which of the following factors is least associated with direct maternal deaths?
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How is the rate of maternal deaths expressed in the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
How is the rate of maternal deaths expressed in the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
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Which option most accurately describes a factor contributing to maternal mortality?
Which option most accurately describes a factor contributing to maternal mortality?
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Which condition is a physiological effect of pregnancy that can worsen existing diseases leading to indirect maternal deaths?
Which condition is a physiological effect of pregnancy that can worsen existing diseases leading to indirect maternal deaths?
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What statistical method is used to calculate the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
What statistical method is used to calculate the Maternal Mortality Ratio?
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Study Notes
Maternal and Child Health (MCH)
- MCH refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.
- Child health refers to the health of children from conception to the age of five.
- MCH services are a package of comprehensive care for pregnant women before, during, and after delivery and for infants and preschool children (conception to 5 years).
Objectives of MCH Services
- Reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
- Reduce perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
- Promote reproductive health and regulate fertility.
- Provide maternal and child health care to all mothers and children.
- Promote and protect the health of mothers.
- Promote and protect physical, mental, and social growth and development of children.
Components of MCH Services
- Maternal Health:
- Antenatal care
- Intranatal care
- Postnatal care
- Child Health
- Family Planning
Sustainable Development Goals
- Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
- Target 3.1: By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
- Indicator 3.1.1: Maternal mortality ratio
- Indicator 3.1.2: Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel.
Maternal Deaths
-
Female deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental and incidental causes) during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, regardless of the pregnancy's duration or site.
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Direct Maternal Deaths: Deaths resulting from obstetric complications of pregnancy, labor, and puerperium; interventions,omissions, or incorrect treatment, also from a chain of events.
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Indirect Maternal Deaths: Deaths resulting from pre-existing diseases that were aggravated by the physiological effects of pregnancy.
Examples of Causes of Maternal Deaths
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Obstetric embolism
- Maternal hypertension
- Maternal sepsis
- Cardiac diseases
- Diabetes mellitus
- COVID-19
- Renal diseases
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
- The number of maternal deaths during a given period per 100,000 live births.
- Formula: MMR = (Number of maternal deaths / Number of live births) x 100,000
MDSR Program (Maternal Death Surveillance and Response)
- Routine identification, notification, quantification, and determination of causes and avoidability of all maternal deaths.
- Uses information to prevent future deaths.
- Aims to eliminate preventable maternal mortality.
- A continuous action cycle of continuous surveillance.
Goal of MDSR Program
- Eliminate preventable maternal mortality.
- Count every maternal death and assess its true magnitude.
- Provide information to guide actions to eliminate preventable maternal mortality at health facilities and communities.
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
- Blood loss ≥ 500ml within 24 hours after birth.
- Leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide (approximately 35%).
- Preventable but potentially fatal in a few hours.
Delays
- Delay 1: Recognizing the need to seek care
- Delay 2: Reaching facilities
- Delay 3: Receiving care
Impact of Treatment Delay for Severe Bleeding
- Immediate treatment: 70% improvement in survival.
- 15-minute delay: 10% decrease in survival benefit.
- 3-hour delay: No benefit
Maternal Sepsis
- A life-threatening condition defined as organ dysfunction resulting from infection during pregnancy, childbirth, post-abortion, or postpartum period.
- One of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide.
- Causes more than 260,000 deaths every year.
Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC)
- Basic components: Antiobiotics, Oxytocin, Anticonvulsants, Manual removal of placenta, Manual vacuum aspiration for retained products of conception, Vacuum extraction, Newborn resuscitation, Blood transfusion, Surgical interventions (including C-sections)
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Description
This quiz explores the key components of Maternal and Child Health (MCH), focusing on the health of women during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as the health of children up to five years. Participants will learn about the objectives of MCH services, which aim to reduce morbidity and mortality rates and promote overall health. The quiz also touches on sustainable development goals related to health.
