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Questions and Answers
The textbook 'Materials Selection in Mechanical Design' is in its 6th edition.
The textbook 'Materials Selection in Mechanical Design' is in its 6th edition.
False
One of the aims of the course is to help students understand the structure and properties of different engineering materials.
One of the aims of the course is to help students understand the structure and properties of different engineering materials.
True
The course covers only traditional engineering materials.
The course covers only traditional engineering materials.
False
Understanding the criteria for selecting materials is a key concept taught in the course.
Understanding the criteria for selecting materials is a key concept taught in the course.
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The book authored by Budinski is the first edition.
The book authored by Budinski is the first edition.
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Metals generally have a high fracture toughness K1C.
Metals generally have a high fracture toughness K1C.
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Ceramics typically exhibit excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.
Ceramics typically exhibit excellent thermal and electrical conductivity.
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Alloys are created to improve the strength and ductility of pure metals.
Alloys are created to improve the strength and ductility of pure metals.
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Glasses are crystalline solids that exhibit plasticity.
Glasses are crystalline solids that exhibit plasticity.
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Most ceramics have a low tolerance for stress concentration due to their brittleness.
Most ceramics have a low tolerance for stress concentration due to their brittleness.
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Copper alloys are classified under the category of metals.
Copper alloys are classified under the category of metals.
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Magnesium alloys are based on manganese.
Magnesium alloys are based on manganese.
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Soda-lime glass is an example of a crystalline solid.
Soda-lime glass is an example of a crystalline solid.
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Elastomers have a stiffness that is 500 to 5000 times greater than that of metals.
Elastomers have a stiffness that is 500 to 5000 times greater than that of metals.
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Hybrid materials are typically easy to form and join.
Hybrid materials are typically easy to form and join.
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Metals typically exhibit low stiffness, measured by the modulus, E.
Metals typically exhibit low stiffness, measured by the modulus, E.
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The design process consists of only two types of mechanical design.
The design process consists of only two types of mechanical design.
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Natural materials like wood and bone are considered hybrids.
Natural materials like wood and bone are considered hybrids.
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Thermoplastics are a type of engineering material classification.
Thermoplastics are a type of engineering material classification.
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Amorphous materials are categorized under ceramics in the classification of engineering materials.
Amorphous materials are categorized under ceramics in the classification of engineering materials.
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Isoprene and silicone are examples of elastomers.
Isoprene and silicone are examples of elastomers.
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The main focus of industrial design is functionality rather than aesthetics.
The main focus of industrial design is functionality rather than aesthetics.
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Metal-matrix composites are a type of composite material.
Metal-matrix composites are a type of composite material.
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The design process in engineering materials includes developing a systematic strategy for material selection.
The design process in engineering materials includes developing a systematic strategy for material selection.
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Adaptive design refers to creating a completely new idea.
Adaptive design refers to creating a completely new idea.
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Elastomers are included in the category of metals in engineering material classification.
Elastomers are included in the category of metals in engineering material classification.
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Hybrid materials provide benefits that justify their increased cost.
Hybrid materials provide benefits that justify their increased cost.
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The final exam is designated as W16 in the course outline.
The final exam is designated as W16 in the course outline.
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Case studies in material selection are included only once in the course outline.
Case studies in material selection are included only once in the course outline.
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Polyethylenes are classified as thermoplastics.
Polyethylenes are classified as thermoplastics.
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Oxides are categorized under the engineering materials classification of composites.
Oxides are categorized under the engineering materials classification of composites.
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Original designs typically require the use of existing materials to be successful.
Original designs typically require the use of existing materials to be successful.
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High purity silicon played a key role in the invention of transistors.
High purity silicon played a key role in the invention of transistors.
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Gas turbine technologies have not influenced the development of new materials.
Gas turbine technologies have not influenced the development of new materials.
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Adaptive design often seeks incremental improvements through material development.
Adaptive design often seeks incremental improvements through material development.
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Variant design involves changing the function of a product while altering its scale or dimension.
Variant design involves changing the function of a product while altering its scale or dimension.
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The change of scale in a product design may necessitate a change in material.
The change of scale in a product design may necessitate a change in material.
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The market share of a manufacturer is unaffected by their ability to utilize new materials.
The market share of a manufacturer is unaffected by their ability to utilize new materials.
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A technical system consists solely of one component designed to perform a single function.
A technical system consists solely of one component designed to perform a single function.
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Material selection is primarily done at the assembly level.
Material selection is primarily done at the assembly level.
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A bicycle is considered a technical system.
A bicycle is considered a technical system.
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Every component of a technical system is made of the same material.
Every component of a technical system is made of the same material.
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Function, material, shape, and processing route are all independent of each other.
Function, material, shape, and processing route are all independent of each other.
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Even standard components, like screws, have a variety of material options.
Even standard components, like screws, have a variety of material options.
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There are no decisions to be made in the material selection process.
There are no decisions to be made in the material selection process.
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A wood screw is an example of a component that is common to many designs.
A wood screw is an example of a component that is common to many designs.
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Components of technical systems are always unique with no possibility for standardization.
Components of technical systems are always unique with no possibility for standardization.
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Study Notes
Engineering Material Selection - CH 560
- Course name: CH 560 - Engineering Material Selection
- Professor: Yehia M. Youssef
- Textbook: Ashby, M.F., "Materials Selection in Mechanical Design," 5th ed., Butterworth-Heineman, 2017
- Other References:
- Ashby, M., Shercliff, H., and Cebon, D., “Materials: Engineering Science, Processing & Design," 3rd ed., Butterworth-Heineman, 2013
- Budinski, K.G. and Budinski, M.K., “Engineering Materials: Properties and selection," 8th ed., Prentice Hall, 2005
Aims & Objectives
- Provide students with basic knowledge of engineering material structure and properties.
- Introduce different classes of engineering materials, plus new materials.
- Enable students to understand material selection criteria for specific engineering applications.
Outlines
- W1: General introduction, Classification of Engineering materials.
- W2: The Design Process.
- W3: Mechanical System Design Concepts.
- W4: Material Properties summarized on Materials Selection Charts.
- W5: Developing a systematic strategy for material selection in a given component (Case 1).
- W6: Developing a systematic strategy for material selection in a given component (Case 2).
- W7: Exam.
- W8: Formal procedures and main principles of material selection using state-of-the-art selection charts.
- W9: Formal procedures and main principles of material selection using state-of-the-art selection charts.
- W10: Material selection for multi-constraint and compound objective problems.
- W11: Optimal material selection factoring cross-sectional shape of the component.
- W12: Exam.
- W13: Case studies in material selection for various practical engineering applications.
- W14: Case studies in material selection for various practical engineering applications.
- W15: Review.
- W16: Final Exam.
Classification of Engineering Materials
-
Metals: (Ferrous, Nonferrous, Amorphous)
- Steels, stainless steels, tool & die steels, cast irons, Aluminum, Copper, Titanium, Tungsten
-
Plastics: (Thermoplastics, Elastomers, Others)
- Acrylics, ABS, Epoxies, Phenolics, Polyimides, Nylons, PVC, Polyethylenes, Rubbers, Silicones, Polyurethanes
-
Ceramics:
- Oxides, Nitrides, Carbides, Glasses, Glass ceramics, Graphite, Diamond
- Composites: Reinforced-plastics, Metal-matrix, Ceramic-matrix, Laminates
Comparison of Material Properties
-
Metals & Alloys:
- Good conductor of heat and electricity
- Low cost
- Strong
- Easy to form
-
Plastics:
- Plasticity
- Light weight
- Wide choice of colors
- Low electrical conductivity
- Waterproof
- Inexpensive
-
Composites:
- Strong
- Light weight
-
Ceramics:
- Strong
- High-temperature strength
- Low thermal and electrical conductivity
- Resistance to wear
Evolution of Engineering Materials (with Time Graph)
- Historical overview of materials used across time periods (graph data).
Different Classes of Engineering Materials
- Metals: Relatively high stiffness (modulus, E), when pure are soft and easily deformed (low σy). Alloying & heat treatment increase σy; maintain ductility for deformation. Tough with high fracture toughness (K₁c). Good thermal & electrical conductivity but reactive and corrode easily without protection.
- Metals (Families): Irons and Steels, Aluminum alloys, Magnesium alloys, Titanium alloys, Nickel alloys, Zinc alloys, Copper alloys (including brasses)
- Ceramics: Non-metallic, inorganic solids (e.g., porcelain, alumina). Stiff, hard, abrasion resistant, retain strength at high temperatures, good corrosion resistance, good electrical insulators but brittle with low K₁c, low tolerance for stress concentration. Examples: Aluminas, Silicon carbides, Silicon nitrides, Zirconias
- Glasses: Non-crystalline (amorphous) solids, like soda-lime and borosilicate glass. Hard, remarkably corrosion resistant, good electrical insulators, transparent to light, brittle, vulnerable to stress concentration.
- Polymers: Organic solids based on long carbon chains (or in a few, silicon). Low densities, floppy with moduli (E) approximately 50x less than metals. Can be strong; strength per unit weight comparable to metals. Properties dependent on temperature (tough/flexible at room temp, brittle at low temp, rubbery at high temp—e.g., few have useful strength above 150°C)
- Elastomers: Polymers with extraordinarily low stiffness (e.g., 500–5000 times less than metals), high ability to stretch and recover initial shape. Examples: Isoprene, Neoprene, Butyl rubber, Natural rubber, Silicones, EVA.
- Hybrids: Combinations of two or more materials, attempting to combine best properties. Examples: Glass & Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced polymers (GFRP, CFRP), sandwich structures, wood, bone, skin, etc.
The Design Process
- Starting point: Good Mechanical Design, including role of materials.
- Mechanical design characteristics: physical properties, proper functioning, production.
- Industrial Design aspects: Pattern, Form, Colour, Texture, and customer appeal.
- Types of Mechanical Design:
- Original – new ideas
- Adaptive – evolving a product by refining it
- Variant – modify size/shape without altering function
Types of Design
- Original: Involves new working principles, examples include high purity silicon for transistors, high purity glass for optical fibers, high coercive magnets for earphones and high temperature alloys for gas turbines.
- Adaptive: Searches for incremental advances in performance by refining the working principle, examples include using polymers instead of metals in household objects and carbon fibers in place of wood in sports equipment.
- Variant: Involves modifying the scale or dimension/design details without altering basic function (e.g., balsa wood model aeroplane versus full-scale plane built from aluminum alloys).
- Component level material selection: important to consider material, shape, and processing route, interacting in design processes.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of materials selection in mechanical design as covered in the 6th edition of 'Materials Selection in Mechanical Design' by Budinski. This quiz delves into the structure, properties, and classification of traditional engineering materials like metals, ceramics, and alloys. Test your understanding of material criteria and their applications in engineering.
