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Questions and Answers
What is the ability of a material to allow the passage of electricity or heat?
What is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field?
What is the term used to describe the mass of a unit volume of material in its natural state?
What is the ability of material to withstand the action of acids, alkalis, gases, and salt solutions?
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What is the ability of a material to reflect light?
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What is the phenomenon where a magnet has more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field?
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What is the value of the external magnetic field that brings to zero the magnetization or magnetic flux density of a magnetic body?
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What is the ratio of mass of specimen to the volume of specimen in its natural state?
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What is the ratio of compressive strength of material saturated with water to that in dry state?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to resist the action of high temperature without losing its load-bearing capacity?
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What is the property of a material that denotes the degree to which its volume is filled up with solid matter?
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What is the ability of a material to absorb water vapor from air?
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What is the term used to indicate the degree by which the volume of a material is occupied by pores?
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What is the ability of a material to withstand prolonged action of high temperature without melting or losing shape?
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What is the ability of a material to endure a certain number of cycles of sharp temperature variations without failing?
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What is the quantity of heat, expressed in kilocalories, required to heat 1 N of material by 1°C?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to resist penetration by a harder body?
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What type of deformation occurs when a solid retains full or partly the change in shape after the load is removed?
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What is the quantity of work required to cause failure of a material per its unit volume?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to change its shape under load without cracking and to retain its shape after the removal of load?
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What occurs when a material fails at a stress much lower than that required to cause fracture under steady loads?
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What is the resistance of a material to abrasion determined by?
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What occurs when a material is subjected to a repetitive or fluctuating stress?
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What is the change in shape and dimension of a material when a load is applied?
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Study Notes
Mechanical Properties
- Brittle materials fail suddenly under pressure without appreciable deformation preceding the failure.
- Strength refers to the ability of a material to resist failure under the action of stresses caused by a load.
- Abrasion is the resistance of a material to wear, measured by dividing the difference in weights of specimens prior to and after abrasion with the area of abrasion.
- Creep occurs when building materials are required to sustain steady loads for long periods.
- Elasticity is the change in shape and dimension of a material when a load is applied.
- Elastic deformation is a deformation that returns to its original position when unloaded.
- Plastic deformation is a deformation that retains full or partly the change in shape after the load is removed.
- Fatigue is the failure of materials at a stress much lower than that required to cause fracture under steady loads, caused by repetitive or fluctuating stress.
- Hardness is the ability of a material to resist penetration by a harder body.
- Impact strength is the quantity of work required to cause failure per unit volume.
Chemical Properties
- Corrosion occurs when iron reacts with oxygen, forming iron oxide and coating the metal with it.
- Chemical properties include reactivity, solubility, and effects like corrosion, chemical composition, acidity, and alkalinity.
Electrical Properties
- Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to allow the passage of electricity or heat.
- Dielectric strength and resistivity are also important electrical properties.
Magnetic Properties
- Permeability is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field.
- Hysteresis is a phenomenon where a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field.
- Coercive force is the value of the external magnetic field that brings the magnetization or magnetic flux density of a magnetic body to zero.
Optical Properties
- Optical properties include color, light transmission, refractive index, and reflectivity.
Physical Properties
- Bulk density is the mass of a unit volume of material in its natural state, including pores and voids.
- Chemical resistance is the ability of a material to withstand the action of acids, alkalis, gases, and salt solutions.
- Coefficient of softening is the ratio of compressive strength of material saturated with water to that in dry state.
- Density is the mass of a unit volume of homogeneous material.
- Density index is the ratio of bulk density of a material to its density.
- Durability is the property of a material to resist the combined action of atmospheric and other factors.
- Fire resistance is the ability of a material to resist the action of high temperature without losing its load-bearing capacity.
- Frost resistance is the ability of a water-saturated material to resist repeated freezing and thawing without considerable decrease of mechanical strength.
- Hygroscopicity is the property of a material to absorb water vapor from air.
- Porosity is the degree by which the volume of a material is occupied by pores.
- Refractoriness is the ability of a material to withstand prolonged action of high temperature without melting or losing shape.
- Spalling resistance is the ability of a material to endure a certain number of cycles of sharp temperature variations without failing.
- Specific heat is the quantity of heat required to heat 1 N of material by 1°C.
- Thermal capacity is the property of a material to absorb heat.
Classification of Materials
- Materials Development Era includes the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Porcelain Age, Steel Age, and Silicon Age.
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Description
Learn about the properties of materials, including brittle materials, strength, and wear, as well as their chemical properties and tendencies.
