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What is the ability of a material to allow the passage of electricity or heat?
What is the ability of a material to allow the passage of electricity or heat?
What is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field?
What is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field?
What is the term used to describe the mass of a unit volume of material in its natural state?
What is the term used to describe the mass of a unit volume of material in its natural state?
What is the ability of material to withstand the action of acids, alkalis, gases, and salt solutions?
What is the ability of material to withstand the action of acids, alkalis, gases, and salt solutions?
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What is the ability of a material to reflect light?
What is the ability of a material to reflect light?
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What is the phenomenon where a magnet has more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field?
What is the phenomenon where a magnet has more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field?
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What is the value of the external magnetic field that brings to zero the magnetization or magnetic flux density of a magnetic body?
What is the value of the external magnetic field that brings to zero the magnetization or magnetic flux density of a magnetic body?
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What is the ratio of mass of specimen to the volume of specimen in its natural state?
What is the ratio of mass of specimen to the volume of specimen in its natural state?
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What is the ratio of compressive strength of material saturated with water to that in dry state?
What is the ratio of compressive strength of material saturated with water to that in dry state?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to resist the action of high temperature without losing its load-bearing capacity?
What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to resist the action of high temperature without losing its load-bearing capacity?
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What is the property of a material that denotes the degree to which its volume is filled up with solid matter?
What is the property of a material that denotes the degree to which its volume is filled up with solid matter?
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What is the ability of a material to absorb water vapor from air?
What is the ability of a material to absorb water vapor from air?
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What is the term used to indicate the degree by which the volume of a material is occupied by pores?
What is the term used to indicate the degree by which the volume of a material is occupied by pores?
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What is the ability of a material to withstand prolonged action of high temperature without melting or losing shape?
What is the ability of a material to withstand prolonged action of high temperature without melting or losing shape?
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What is the ability of a material to endure a certain number of cycles of sharp temperature variations without failing?
What is the ability of a material to endure a certain number of cycles of sharp temperature variations without failing?
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What is the quantity of heat, expressed in kilocalories, required to heat 1 N of material by 1°C?
What is the quantity of heat, expressed in kilocalories, required to heat 1 N of material by 1°C?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to resist penetration by a harder body?
What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to resist penetration by a harder body?
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What type of deformation occurs when a solid retains full or partly the change in shape after the load is removed?
What type of deformation occurs when a solid retains full or partly the change in shape after the load is removed?
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What is the quantity of work required to cause failure of a material per its unit volume?
What is the quantity of work required to cause failure of a material per its unit volume?
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What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to change its shape under load without cracking and to retain its shape after the removal of load?
What is the term used to describe the ability of a material to change its shape under load without cracking and to retain its shape after the removal of load?
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What occurs when a material fails at a stress much lower than that required to cause fracture under steady loads?
What occurs when a material fails at a stress much lower than that required to cause fracture under steady loads?
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What is the resistance of a material to abrasion determined by?
What is the resistance of a material to abrasion determined by?
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What occurs when a material is subjected to a repetitive or fluctuating stress?
What occurs when a material is subjected to a repetitive or fluctuating stress?
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What is the change in shape and dimension of a material when a load is applied?
What is the change in shape and dimension of a material when a load is applied?
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Study Notes
Mechanical Properties
- Brittle materials fail suddenly under pressure without appreciable deformation preceding the failure.
- Strength refers to the ability of a material to resist failure under the action of stresses caused by a load.
- Abrasion is the resistance of a material to wear, measured by dividing the difference in weights of specimens prior to and after abrasion with the area of abrasion.
- Creep occurs when building materials are required to sustain steady loads for long periods.
- Elasticity is the change in shape and dimension of a material when a load is applied.
- Elastic deformation is a deformation that returns to its original position when unloaded.
- Plastic deformation is a deformation that retains full or partly the change in shape after the load is removed.
- Fatigue is the failure of materials at a stress much lower than that required to cause fracture under steady loads, caused by repetitive or fluctuating stress.
- Hardness is the ability of a material to resist penetration by a harder body.
- Impact strength is the quantity of work required to cause failure per unit volume.
Chemical Properties
- Corrosion occurs when iron reacts with oxygen, forming iron oxide and coating the metal with it.
- Chemical properties include reactivity, solubility, and effects like corrosion, chemical composition, acidity, and alkalinity.
Electrical Properties
- Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to allow the passage of electricity or heat.
- Dielectric strength and resistivity are also important electrical properties.
Magnetic Properties
- Permeability is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field.
- Hysteresis is a phenomenon where a magnet may have more than one possible magnetic moment in a given magnetic field.
- Coercive force is the value of the external magnetic field that brings the magnetization or magnetic flux density of a magnetic body to zero.
Optical Properties
- Optical properties include color, light transmission, refractive index, and reflectivity.
Physical Properties
- Bulk density is the mass of a unit volume of material in its natural state, including pores and voids.
- Chemical resistance is the ability of a material to withstand the action of acids, alkalis, gases, and salt solutions.
- Coefficient of softening is the ratio of compressive strength of material saturated with water to that in dry state.
- Density is the mass of a unit volume of homogeneous material.
- Density index is the ratio of bulk density of a material to its density.
- Durability is the property of a material to resist the combined action of atmospheric and other factors.
- Fire resistance is the ability of a material to resist the action of high temperature without losing its load-bearing capacity.
- Frost resistance is the ability of a water-saturated material to resist repeated freezing and thawing without considerable decrease of mechanical strength.
- Hygroscopicity is the property of a material to absorb water vapor from air.
- Porosity is the degree by which the volume of a material is occupied by pores.
- Refractoriness is the ability of a material to withstand prolonged action of high temperature without melting or losing shape.
- Spalling resistance is the ability of a material to endure a certain number of cycles of sharp temperature variations without failing.
- Specific heat is the quantity of heat required to heat 1 N of material by 1°C.
- Thermal capacity is the property of a material to absorb heat.
Classification of Materials
- Materials Development Era includes the Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Porcelain Age, Steel Age, and Silicon Age.
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Description
Learn about the properties of materials, including brittle materials, strength, and wear, as well as their chemical properties and tendencies.
