40 Questions
What is a common disadvantage of using glass as a material for carbonated beverage containers?
It cracks and fractures easily.
What is an advantage of using aluminum as a material for carbonated beverage containers?
It is very good barrier to the diffusion of carbon dioxide.
What is a major disadvantage of using polymers as a material for carbonated beverage containers?
It is not as impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide.
What is a key design goal of composite materials?
To achieve a combination of properties not displayed by any single material.
What is a requirement for the material used in carbonated beverage containers?
It must provide a barrier to the passage of carbon dioxide.
What is an advantage of using aluminum alloy as a material for carbonated beverage containers?
It allows labels to be painted onto its surface.
Why do beverages in glass containers retain their carbonization for a longer period?
Because glass is impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide.
What is a characteristic of composite materials?
They are composed of two or more individual materials.
What is the primary focus of materials science?
Investigating the relationship between the structure and properties of materials
What is the main consideration in selecting materials for a specific application?
The in-service conditions that the material will be exposed to
What is the primary difference between materials science and materials engineering?
Materials science involves the investigation of the relationship between structure and properties, while materials engineering deals with the modification of structure to produce desired properties
What is a key consideration in the materials selection process that is often overlooked?
The potential deterioration of material properties during service operation
What is the primary goal of materials engineering?
To modify the structure of materials to produce desired properties
What is the most important consideration in the final decision of selecting a material?
The material's cost-effectiveness
What is a common compromise that must be made in the materials selection process?
Between the material's ideal set of properties and its cost-effectiveness
What is the primary benefit of studying materials science and engineering?
To solve the materials problem of selecting the right material from thousands of available options
What is the primary factor that determines the arrangement of internal components in a material?
Structure of the material
Which of the following materials is characterized by good conductors of electricity and heat?
Metals
What is the term for the ability of a material to resist corrosion?
Deteriorative property
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical property of a material?
Malleability
What is the primary difference between metals and ceramics in terms of their mechanical characteristics?
Metals are relatively more stiff and strong than ceramics
What is the term for the combination of two or more materials?
Composite
Which of the following properties is NOT typically associated with polymers?
High thermal conductivity
What is the term for the response of a material to a specific imposed stimulus?
Property
What is a common characteristic of ceramic materials in terms of heat and electricity?
They are insulative to the passage of heat and electricity.
What is a major drawback of polymers?
They tend to soften and/or decompose at modest temperatures.
Which of the following is a characteristic of ceramic materials in terms of mechanical behavior?
They are relatively stiff and strong.
What is a characteristic of polymers in terms of optical properties?
They can be transparent, translucent, or opaque.
Which of the following is a type of ceramic material?
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
What is a characteristic of ceramic materials in terms of magnetic behavior?
Some of the oxide ceramics exhibit magnetic behavior.
What is a characteristic of polymers in terms of mechanical behavior?
They are highly ductile and pliable.
Which of the following is a common characteristic of ceramic materials?
They are highly susceptible to fracture.
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes nanomaterials from other materials?
Their size, typically on the order of a nanometer
What is the purpose of actuators in smart materials?
To change the material's shape or position in response to stimuli
Which of the following materials can be used as biomaterials?
All of the above, including semiconductors
What is the approximate equivalent of 100 nanometers in terms of atom diameters?
500 atom diameters
What is the main difference between smart materials and traditional materials?
Their ability to respond to stimuli
What is the purpose of the assignment to research modern items or devices?
To determine the specific material(s) used and their properties
What is the format required for the essay in the assignment?
Microsoft Word, Times New Roman, size 12
What is the common characteristic of the materials listed in the assignment (e.g. cell phone batteries, wind turbine blades, etc.)?
They are all modern items or devices
Study Notes
Materials Science and Engineering
- Materials science involves investigating the relationship between the structure and properties of materials
- Materials engineering deals with modifying the structure to produce desired properties
Importance of Materials Science and Engineering
- Materials selection is crucial in various applications, considering factors like in-service conditions, material properties, and economics
- The final decision is based on several criteria, including in-service conditions, material properties, and cost
Material Structure and Properties
- Structure of a material relates to the arrangement of its internal components
- Properties of materials include:
- Mechanical (hardness, tensile strength, malleability)
- Electrical (electric conductivity)
- Thermal (thermal conductivity)
- Magnetic (paramagnetism, diamagnetism)
- Optical (refraction, absorption, reflection)
- Deteriorative (corrosion resistance)
Four Components of Materials Science and Engineering
- Processing
- Structure
- Property
- Performance
Classification of Materials
- Metals:
- Good conductors of electricity and heat
- Relatively dense, stiff, and strong
- Examples: iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, gold, nickel
- Ceramics:
- Low thermal and electrical conductivity
- Brittle
- Examples: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride
- Polymers:
- Low electrical conductivity
- Non-magnetic
- Examples: polyethylene, nylon, poly(vinyl chloride), polycarbonate, polystyrene, silicone rubber
- Composites:
- Combination of two or more materials
- Achieve a combination of properties not displayed by any single material
- Incorporate the best characteristics of each component material
Materials of Importance
- Carbonated Beverage Containers:
- Requirements: barrier to carbon dioxide, non-toxic, recyclable, strong, inexpensive, and optically transparent
- Materials used: aluminum, glass, and plastic
Smart Materials
- Group of new materials being developed that will have a significant influence on various technologies
- Can change shape, position, natural frequency, or mechanical characteristics in response to changes in temperature, electric fields, and/or magnetic fields
Nanomaterials
- Any one of the four basic types: metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites
- Distinguished by their size: dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (approximately 500 atom diameters)
Assignment 1
- Select two modern items or devices and conduct an Internet search to determine the specific material(s) used and their properties
- Write a short essay (maximum of 3 pages) reporting the findings, including references. Due date: June 11, 2023. Format: Microsoft Word, Times New Roman, size 12.
Learn about the important engineering materials, their properties, and applications. Discover the classifications of materials and their interrelations in design, production, and utilization.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
