Materials Science & Engineering
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Questions and Answers

What is a common disadvantage of using glass as a material for carbonated beverage containers?

  • It is expensive to produce.
  • It allows the passage of carbon dioxide.
  • It cracks and fractures easily. (correct)
  • It is not recyclable.

    • What is an advantage of using aluminum as a material for carbonated beverage containers?

  • It is very lightweight.
  • It is very good barrier to the diffusion of carbon dioxide. (correct)
  • It is inexpensive to produce.
  • It is not recyclable.

    • What is a major disadvantage of using polymers as a material for carbonated beverage containers?

  • It is very heavy.
  • It is not as impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide. (correct)
  • It is expensive to produce.
  • It is not recyclable.

    • What is a key design goal of composite materials?

    <p>To achieve a combination of properties not displayed by any single material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for the material used in carbonated beverage containers?

    <p>It must provide a barrier to the passage of carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using aluminum alloy as a material for carbonated beverage containers?

    <p>It allows labels to be painted onto its surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do beverages in glass containers retain their carbonization for a longer period?

    <p>Because glass is impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of composite materials?

    <p>They are composed of two or more individual materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of materials science?

    <p>Investigating the relationship between the structure and properties of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration in selecting materials for a specific application?

    <p>The in-service conditions that the material will be exposed to</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between materials science and materials engineering?

    <p>Materials science involves the investigation of the relationship between structure and properties, while materials engineering deals with the modification of structure to produce desired properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in the materials selection process that is often overlooked?

    <p>The potential deterioration of material properties during service operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of materials engineering?

    <p>To modify the structure of materials to produce desired properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important consideration in the final decision of selecting a material?

    <p>The material's cost-effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common compromise that must be made in the materials selection process?

    <p>Between the material's ideal set of properties and its cost-effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of studying materials science and engineering?

    <p>To solve the materials problem of selecting the right material from thousands of available options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the arrangement of internal components in a material?

    <p>Structure of the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is characterized by good conductors of electricity and heat?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of a material to resist corrosion?

    <p>Deteriorative property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a mechanical property of a material?

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between metals and ceramics in terms of their mechanical characteristics?

    <p>Metals are relatively more stiff and strong than ceramics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of two or more materials?

    <p>Composite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is NOT typically associated with polymers?

    <p>High thermal conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the response of a material to a specific imposed stimulus?

    <p>Property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of ceramic materials in terms of heat and electricity?

    <p>They are insulative to the passage of heat and electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major drawback of polymers?

    <p>They tend to soften and/or decompose at modest temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of ceramic materials in terms of mechanical behavior?

    <p>They are relatively stiff and strong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polymers in terms of optical properties?

    <p>They can be transparent, translucent, or opaque.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of ceramic material?

    <p>Silicon dioxide (SiO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of ceramic materials in terms of magnetic behavior?

    <p>Some of the oxide ceramics exhibit magnetic behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of polymers in terms of mechanical behavior?

    <p>They are highly ductile and pliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of ceramic materials?

    <p>They are highly susceptible to fracture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes nanomaterials from other materials?

    <p>Their size, typically on the order of a nanometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of actuators in smart materials?

    <p>To change the material's shape or position in response to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials can be used as biomaterials?

    <p>All of the above, including semiconductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate equivalent of 100 nanometers in terms of atom diameters?

    <p>500 atom diameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between smart materials and traditional materials?

    <p>Their ability to respond to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the assignment to research modern items or devices?

    <p>To determine the specific material(s) used and their properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format required for the essay in the assignment?

    <p>Microsoft Word, Times New Roman, size 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of the materials listed in the assignment (e.g. cell phone batteries, wind turbine blades, etc.)?

    <p>They are all modern items or devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Materials Science and Engineering

    • Materials science involves investigating the relationship between the structure and properties of materials
    • Materials engineering deals with modifying the structure to produce desired properties

    Importance of Materials Science and Engineering

    • Materials selection is crucial in various applications, considering factors like in-service conditions, material properties, and economics
    • The final decision is based on several criteria, including in-service conditions, material properties, and cost

    Material Structure and Properties

    • Structure of a material relates to the arrangement of its internal components
    • Properties of materials include:
      • Mechanical (hardness, tensile strength, malleability)
      • Electrical (electric conductivity)
      • Thermal (thermal conductivity)
      • Magnetic (paramagnetism, diamagnetism)
      • Optical (refraction, absorption, reflection)
      • Deteriorative (corrosion resistance)

    Four Components of Materials Science and Engineering

    • Processing
    • Structure
    • Property
    • Performance

    Classification of Materials

    • Metals:
      • Good conductors of electricity and heat
      • Relatively dense, stiff, and strong
      • Examples: iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, gold, nickel
    • Ceramics:
      • Low thermal and electrical conductivity
      • Brittle
      • Examples: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride
    • Polymers:
      • Low electrical conductivity
      • Non-magnetic
      • Examples: polyethylene, nylon, poly(vinyl chloride), polycarbonate, polystyrene, silicone rubber
    • Composites:
      • Combination of two or more materials
      • Achieve a combination of properties not displayed by any single material
      • Incorporate the best characteristics of each component material

    Materials of Importance

    • Carbonated Beverage Containers:
      • Requirements: barrier to carbon dioxide, non-toxic, recyclable, strong, inexpensive, and optically transparent
      • Materials used: aluminum, glass, and plastic

    Smart Materials

    • Group of new materials being developed that will have a significant influence on various technologies
    • Can change shape, position, natural frequency, or mechanical characteristics in response to changes in temperature, electric fields, and/or magnetic fields

    Nanomaterials

    • Any one of the four basic types: metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites
    • Distinguished by their size: dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (approximately 500 atom diameters)

    Assignment 1

    • Select two modern items or devices and conduct an Internet search to determine the specific material(s) used and their properties
    • Write a short essay (maximum of 3 pages) reporting the findings, including references. Due date: June 11, 2023. Format: Microsoft Word, Times New Roman, size 12.

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    Description

    Learn about the important engineering materials, their properties, and applications. Discover the classifications of materials and their interrelations in design, production, and utilization.

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